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DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Image_Schema&diff=2022 2023-02-09T20:35:04Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>= web links =<br /> <br /> https://d-nb.info/121996610X/34<br /> <br /> = definitions =<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: (1987 xiv) An image schema is a recurring, dynamic pattern of our perceptual interactions and motor <br /> programs that gives coherence and structure to our experience.<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: &quot;structure indefinitely many perceptions, images, and events&quot;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: (1987) emerge as meaningful structures for us chiefly at the level of our bodily movements through space, our manipulations of objects, and our perceptual interaction<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Lakoff and Turner, 1989: 97&#039;&#039;&#039; thus when we understand a scene, we naturally structure it in terms of such elementary image-schemas&quot;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Lakoff and Turner, 1980, Ch 9, 15-17&#039;&#039;&#039; : image schema allow metaphors to cohere and be structured. <br /> Metaphors may cohere if their source domains are special cases of a more general one. <br /> <br /> From http://scodis.com/for-students/glossary/image-schema/#:~:text=reaching%20their%20aim.-,Johnson%20and%20G.,also%20described%20through%20image%20schemas.<br /> <br /> Image schema is a notion that first appears in the works of M. Johnson and G. Lakoff in the 1980s. The scholars speak of a close connection between image schemas and the bodily experience that a person acquires in the process of interaction with the world around. Image schemas present notions schematically, reflecting the [[shape of an object]], its location, the [[trajectory of movement]] etc.<br /> <br /> Many concepts and everyday expressions can be presented as image schemas. [[M. Johnson]] and G. Lakoff single out a number of basic image schemas. Here are some examples:<br /> <br /> 1. [[Container]]. Every day we come across a great number of containers in the broadest sense: we inhale air [[INTO]] our lungs and exhale it [[OUT OF]] them (that is, our lungs are in fact containers for air), every morning we squeeze toothpaste OUT OF the tube, and after that pour coffee INTO a cup ([[Johnson]]). On the basis of this bodily experience an image schema of container is formed in our mind. The parts of the schema are borders, which divide the outside from the inside (Lakoff). There are a lot of expressions and metaphors that are based on this idea. For instance, the English expression “to be in love” can be seen in the following way: love is a container, and the person is inside this container. We can also think of a Russian expression “уйти с головой в работу” (to immerse oneself in the work). Here work can also be seen as a container with this very workaholic inside it.<br /> <br /> 2. [[Part-whole]]. We can find the relations between a part and the whole everywhere. We speak of body parts, military units, about faculties that are parts of a single educational institution. The elements of this image schema are parts, the whole and their configurations (Lakoff). Numerous metaphors are based on this image schema. As a vivid example, we can think of the idea of family in Russian culture, where the husband is seen as the head and the wife – as the neck, and together they form a whole, with the marriage as the basis for this unity: bride and groom become man and wife, they become parts of a single organism – a family. The divorce is in its turn regarded as a reverse process, when a family as a whole splits in two parts. This conceptualization of divorce is reflected in one of its names: “splitting up”, which literally means “division” (Lakoff).<br /> <br /> 3. [[Source-path-goal]]. Whenever we go, we depart from a starting point, make a journey, and in the end reach the goal. As the main components of this image schema we can single out the starting and the ending point, the path and the direction ([[Lakoff]]). The classical example of this image schema is “to go a long way towards” fame/success, which exists both in English and Russian (“проделать долгий путь к чему-либо”). In this case the beginning of the career is the starting point, the fame is the ending point, the direction is the direction towards success, and the way is all the stages that a person has to go through before reaching their aim.<br /> <br /> [[M. Johnson]] and [[G. Lakoff]] also give examples of other image schemas: “[[connection]]”, “[[centre-periphery]]”, “[[up-down]]” etc. The meaning of prepositions, different notions of grammar are also described through image schemas. The idea has found further development in the works of many authors ([[J. M. Mandler]], [[C. P. Cánovas]], [[R. W. Gibbs]]), who write about their different characteristics and spheres of application.<br /> <br /> Рекомендуемая литература<br /> <br /> : [[Johnson M.]], The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason. – Chicago – London: The University of Chicago Press, 1990.<br /> <br /> : [[Lakoff G.]] Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.<br /> <br /> : [[Mandler J. M.]], [[Cánovas C. P.]] On defining image schemas // On Language and Cognition, UK Cognitive Linguistics Association, 2004. – Vol. 6. – P. 510–532.<br /> <br /> — [[Valeriya Denisova]] (Ph.D. student) Translated by [[Alina Strugova]]<br /> <br /> http://www.ello.uos.de/field.php/CognitiveApproaches/ImageSchemas<br /> <br /> image schemas can be described as fundamental and deeply rooted concepts, acquired in early childhood, some maybe even earlier. <br /> <br /> Whereas image schemas are of course meaningful themselves and can be expressed language, they also give rise to more abstract concepts via use of conceptual metaphors such as the application of the schema CONTAINER to other areas such as emotional states. <br /> <br /> Image schemas are said to be derived directly from embodiment, i.e. the ways our human bodies perceive and interact with the external world. It is important however, to notice, that even though this might be true, embodiment does does not always have to result in concepts that remain constant over the years. <br /> <br /> <br /> We have been talking about the image schema or concept of CONTAINMENT a couple of times already and have stated that we arrive at this very basic concept or schema very early because of the way our bodies interact with the external world. But did you ever think about how frequent really we come across the notion of containment in everyday life? The following passage from Johnson’s book: “the body in mind” illustrates (by the recurrent use of the expressions in, into and out) that a great number of not only obvious objects like toothpaste tubes but also states like sleep or stupor evoke and express the notion of containment in everyday life, which is, in this line of argumentation, the reason for this concept being so deeply rooted within us:<br /> You wake out of a deep sleep and peer out from beneath the covers into your room. You gradually emerge out of your stupor, pull yourself out from under the covers, climb into your robe, stretch out your limbs, and walk in a daze out of the bedroom and into the bathroom. You look into the mirror and see your face string out at you. You reach into the medicine cabinet, take out the toothpaste, squeeze out some toothpaste, put the toothbrush into your mouth, brush your teeth in a hurry, and rinse out your mouth. <br /> <br /> Properties of image schemas<br /> <br /> Image schemas like CONTAINER OR UP-DOWN relate to and derive from sensory experience, which means that they are pre-conceptual in origin. The psychologist [[Mandler]] (2004) argues that they arise from sensory experiences in the early stages of human development that precede the formation of concepts. However, once the recurrent patterns of sensory information have been extracted and stored as an image schema, sensory experience gives rise to a conceptual representation. <br /> <br /> This means, that image schemas are concepts, but of a special kind: they are the foundations of the conceptual system, because they are the first concepts to emerge in the human mind. They are, of course, so fundamental to our way of thinking that we are not consciously aware of them: we take our awareness of what it means to be a physical being in a physical world very much for granted because we acquire this knowledge so early in life, and certainly before the emergence of language.<br /> An image schema can give rise to more specific concepts<br /> As you have seen already in the passage of [[Johnson]]’s book, the concepts lexicalised by prepositions such as [[in]], [[out]], [[into]] and so on, are all related to the container schema: an abstract image-schematic concept that underlies all these much more specific lexical concepts. <br /> Now think about the image schema [[UP-DOWN]]. What do you think, where does it derive from and with how many abstract conceptual domains can you come in terms of conceptual metaphor?<br /> <br /> image schemas that have been suggested are the following: <br /> - [[Blockage]]<br /> - [[Enablement]]<br /> - [[Cycle]]<br /> - [[Part-whole]]<br /> - [[Full-empty]]<br /> - [[Iteration]]<br /> - [[Surface]]<br /> - [[Balance]]<br /> - [[Counterforce]]<br /> - [[Attraction]]<br /> - [[Near-far]]<br /> - [[Merging]]<br /> - [[Matching]]<br /> - [[Contact]]<br /> - [[Object]]<br /> - [[Compulsion]]<br /> - [[Restraint-count]]<br /> - [[Center-periphery]]<br /> - [[Splitting]]<br /> - [[Superimposition]]<br /> - [[Collection]]<br /> - [[Process]]<br /> - ...<br /> <br /> = examples =<br /> specialized forms of <br /> {{Metaphor|LIFE AS CYCLE}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS JOURNEY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS DAY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS YEAR}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FLAME}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FIRE}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS PRECIOUS POSSESSION}}<br /> <br /> Life is a frequent target domain of metaphors. According to the relevant literature, 24 possible metaphorical source domains of life can be found (e.g.<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS ADVENTURE}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FIRE}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS LIQUID}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS HISTORY}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS GAMBLING GAME}} etc.).<br /> <br /> <br /> specialized forms of {{Metaphor|LIFE AS WAXING AND WANING CYCLE OF HEAT AND LIGHT}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS DAY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS YEAR}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FLAME}}<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Oakley&#039;&#039;&#039;: (2006)...a condensed re-description of perceptual experience for the purpose of mapping spatial structure onto conceptual structure.<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Hampe&#039;&#039;&#039; [2005], is that image schemas are “...directly meaningful (“experiential”/“embodied”), pre-conceptual structures, which arise from or are grounded in human recurrent bodily movements through space, perceptual interactions and ways of manipulating objects”. Further, she points out that it follows that they are highly schematic {{ImageSchema|Gestalts}} that capture the structural contours of sensory-motor experience, integrating information from multiple modalities and exist as continuous and analogue patterns beneath conscious awareness, prior to and independently of other concepts; and are both internally structured and highly flexible.<br /> Image schemas are integrally tied to perception and motor function, but serve as the bridge to higher-level cognition.<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Michael Sinding&#039;&#039;&#039; Image schemas are simple, skeletal spatial relations concepts with a small number of parts and relations<br /> <br /> = Problems with Literature describing Image Schema = <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Definitions&#039;&#039;&#039; don&#039;t provide individuation criteria <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Structure Problem&#039;&#039;&#039; : difficult to identify what constructs qualify to be defined by an image schema as similar structures are under the same image schema<br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Categorisation Problem&#039;&#039;&#039; : difficult to determine which image schema a particular construct belongs to. <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Static vs Dynamic&#039;&#039;&#039; Problem<br /> * [[Maria M. Hedblom]], [[O. Kutz]], [[R. Peñaloza]] , [[G. Guizzardi]] static forms (e.g. Link, Containment and Center Periphery) and in dynamic, temporally-dependent forms (e.g. Linked Path, Going In and Revolving Movement) <br /> *: Bennett and Cialone list eight kinds of static {{ImageSchema|Containment}} not including {{ImageSchema|In}} and {{ImageSchema|Out}}<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema Categories}} =<br /> In general, {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema}}s ({{ImageSchema|Static}}) fall into one of these categories: {{ImageSchema|Orientational}}, {{ImageSchema|Topological}}, and {{ImageSchema|Forcedynamic}}. <br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Orientational}} ==<br /> it specifies an orientation in space relative to the gravitational pull one feels on one’s body. Usually a human orientation<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Above}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Below}} ===<br /> <br /> === {{ImageSchema|Up}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Down}} ===<br /> <br /> === {{ImageSchema|Center}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Periphery}} ===<br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Topological}} ==<br /> there are a number of topological schemas : <br /> <br /> * a {{ImageSchema|Topological schema}} of {{ImageSchema|Contact}} indicates an absence of a gap.<br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Forcedynamic}} ==<br /> there are several schemas that are forcedynamic in nature;<br /> it indicates the direction and nature of a {{ImageSchema|Force}}<br /> * in the {{ImageSchema|Support}} {{ImageSchema|Support Force}} {{ImageSchema|Balance|balance}} to allow the {{ImageSchema|Supportee|supportee}} to stay on the {{ImageSchema|Surface|surface}} of the {{ImageSchema|Supporter}}.<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Dynamic Image Schema Categories}} =<br /> shaped by culture and context (Hampe et al. 2005)<br /> <br /> from Gibbs and Steen (1999) and Hampe (2005) <br /> : {{ImageSchema|Concrete Concept}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Abstract Concept}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Image Schema}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Metaphor}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Event}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Word}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Story}}<br /> <br /> from Michael Sinding 2011 pp 239-257<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Substance}} vs {{ImageSchema|Surface}}<br /> * kinds of {{ImageSchema|Process}} {{ImageSchema|Vessel}}<br /> *: {{ImageSchema|Inflation}} vs {{ImageSchema|Deflation}}<br /> <br /> * {{ImageSchema|Lexical Items}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Concrete Images}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Concrete Events}}<br /> <br /> from Don Freeman (1999) {{ImageSchema|Dynamic Image Schema}} amalgam of {{ImageSchema|Container}} and {{ImageSchema|Link}}s and {{ImageSchema|Path}} provide a three stage progression in &#039;&#039;Antony and Cleopatra&#039;&#039; over figurative language imagery, plot, stage, offstage, business, and character.<br /> <br /> * {{ImageSchema|Surface}} vs {{ImageSchema|Depth}} in {{ImageSchema|Surface_Depth}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Part}} vs {{ImageSchema|Whole}} in {{ImageSchema|Part_Whole}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Sequence}} vs {{ImageSchema|Causality}}<br /> *: (DJW vs {{ImageSchema|Coincidence}} )<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Event}} vs {{ImageSchema|Scene}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Vertical Displacement}} <br /> <br /> Relations between two metaphor systems are contrast/complementation vs coherence.<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Up}} vs {{ImageSchema|Down}} is a {{ImageSchema|Vertical Scale}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Gaseous Substance}} {{ImageSchema|Liquid Substance}} and {{ImageSchema|Solid Substance}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Inflation}} deforms a {{ImageSchema|Container}}<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Spatial Schema}}s {{ImageSchema|Temporal_Schema}}s =<br /> Image Schematic Components hierarchy based on specific or complexity ( Mandler and Canovas 2014)<br /> <br /> 1) Spatial primitives first building blocs to understand perception<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Path}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Containment}}<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Container}} (exterior)<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Boundary}} (surface)<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Contents}} (Interior)<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Thing}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Contact}}<br /> <br /> 2) Image Schemas : representation of simple spatial events using spatial primitives<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Path of Thing}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Thing into Container}}<br /> <br /> 3) Schematic integrations - including non-spatial elements: emotions, non-spatial perception<br /> <br /> == Space Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Space}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Location}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Up_Down}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Up}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Down}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Front_Back}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Front}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Back}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Left_Right}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Left}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Right}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Near_Far}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Near}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Far}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Verticality}},<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Center_Periphery}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Center}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Periphery}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Straight}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Contact}}<br /> <br /> == Force Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Force}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Compulsion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Blockage}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Diversion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Counterforce}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Restraint}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Resistance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Attraction}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Enablement}}<br /> <br /> == Contain Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Containment}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Container}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Content}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|In_Out}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|In}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Out}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Surface}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Separator}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Full-Empty}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Full}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Empty}})<br /> <br /> == Movement Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Locomotion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Momentum}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Path}}<br /> <br /> == Balance Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Axis Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Twin-Pan Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Point Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Equilibrium}}<br /> <br /> == Object Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Identity}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Matching}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Superimposition}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Existence}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Removal}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Bounded space}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Cycle}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Object}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Process}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Agent}}<br /> <br /> == Multiple Objects ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Multiplicity}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Merging}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Collection}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Splitting}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Iteration}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Part_Whole}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Part}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Whole}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Linkage}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Count-Mass}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Count}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Mass}})<br /> <br /> <br /> {{subpages-name}}</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Image_Schema&diff=2021 2023-02-09T20:24:11Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>= web links =<br /> <br /> https://d-nb.info/121996610X/34<br /> <br /> = definitions =<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: (1987 xiv) An image schema is a recurring, dynamic pattern of our perceptual interactions and motor <br /> programs that gives coherence and structure to our experience.<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: &quot;structure indefinitely many perceptions, images, and events&quot;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: (1987) emerge as meaningful structures for us chiefly at the level of our bodily movements through space, our manipulations of objects, and our perceptual interaction<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Lakoff and Turner, 1989: 97&#039;&#039;&#039; thus when we understand a scene, we naturally structure it in terms of such elementary image-schemas&quot;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Lakoff and Turner, 1980, Ch 9, 15-17&#039;&#039;&#039; : image schema allow metaphors to cohere and be structured. <br /> Metaphors may cohere if their source domains are special cases of a more general one. <br /> <br /> From http://scodis.com/for-students/glossary/image-schema/#:~:text=reaching%20their%20aim.-,Johnson%20and%20G.,also%20described%20through%20image%20schemas.<br /> <br /> Image schema is a notion that first appears in the works of M. Johnson and G. Lakoff in the 1980s. The scholars speak of a close connection between image schemas and the bodily experience that a person acquires in the process of interaction with the world around. Image schemas present notions schematically, reflecting the [[shape of an object]], its location, the [[trajectory of movement]] etc.<br /> <br /> Many concepts and everyday expressions can be presented as image schemas. [[M. Johnson]] and G. Lakoff single out a number of basic image schemas. Here are some examples:<br /> <br /> 1. [[Container]]. Every day we come across a great number of containers in the broadest sense: we inhale air [[INTO]] our lungs and exhale it [[OUT OF]] them (that is, our lungs are in fact containers for air), every morning we squeeze toothpaste OUT OF the tube, and after that pour coffee INTO a cup ([[Johnson]]). On the basis of this bodily experience an image schema of container is formed in our mind. The parts of the schema are borders, which divide the outside from the inside (Lakoff). There are a lot of expressions and metaphors that are based on this idea. For instance, the English expression “to be in love” can be seen in the following way: love is a container, and the person is inside this container. We can also think of a Russian expression “уйти с головой в работу” (to immerse oneself in the work). Here work can also be seen as a container with this very workaholic inside it.<br /> <br /> 2. [[Part-whole]]. We can find the relations between a part and the whole everywhere. We speak of body parts, military units, about faculties that are parts of a single educational institution. The elements of this image schema are parts, the whole and their configurations (Lakoff). Numerous metaphors are based on this image schema. As a vivid example, we can think of the idea of family in Russian culture, where the husband is seen as the head and the wife – as the neck, and together they form a whole, with the marriage as the basis for this unity: bride and groom become man and wife, they become parts of a single organism – a family. The divorce is in its turn regarded as a reverse process, when a family as a whole splits in two parts. This conceptualization of divorce is reflected in one of its names: “splitting up”, which literally means “division” (Lakoff).<br /> <br /> 3. [[Source-path-goal]]. Whenever we go, we depart from a starting point, make a journey, and in the end reach the goal. As the main components of this image schema we can single out the starting and the ending point, the path and the direction ([[Lakoff]]). The classical example of this image schema is “to go a long way towards” fame/success, which exists both in English and Russian (“проделать долгий путь к чему-либо”). In this case the beginning of the career is the starting point, the fame is the ending point, the direction is the direction towards success, and the way is all the stages that a person has to go through before reaching their aim.<br /> <br /> [[M. Johnson]] and [[G. Lakoff]] also give examples of other image schemas: “[[connection]]”, “[[centre-periphery]]”, “[[up-down]]” etc. The meaning of prepositions, different notions of grammar are also described through image schemas. The idea has found further development in the works of many authors ([[J. M. Mandler]], [[C. P. Cánovas]], [[R. W. Gibbs]]), who write about their different characteristics and spheres of application.<br /> <br /> Рекомендуемая литература<br /> <br /> : [[Johnson M.]], The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason. – Chicago – London: The University of Chicago Press, 1990.<br /> <br /> : [[Lakoff G.]] Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.<br /> <br /> : [[Mandler J. M.]], [[Cánovas C. P.]] On defining image schemas // On Language and Cognition, UK Cognitive Linguistics Association, 2004. – Vol. 6. – P. 510–532.<br /> <br /> — [[Valeriya Denisova]] (Ph.D. student) Translated by [[Alina Strugova]]<br /> <br /> http://www.ello.uos.de/field.php/CognitiveApproaches/ImageSchemas<br /> <br /> <br /> image schemas can be described as fundamental and deeply rooted concepts, acquired in early childhood, some maybe even earlier. <br /> <br /> Whereas image schemas are of course meaningful themselves and can be expressed language, they also give rise to more abstract concepts via use of conceptual metaphors such as the application of the schema CONTAINER to other areas such as emotional states. <br /> <br /> Image schemas are said to be derived directly from embodiment, i.e. the ways our human bodies perceive and interact with the external world. It is important however, to notice, that even though this might be true, embodiment does <br /> <br /> <br /> image schemas that have been suggested are the following: <br /> - [[Blockage]]<br /> - [[Enablement]]<br /> - [[Cycle]]<br /> - [[Part-whole]]<br /> - [[Full-empty]]<br /> - [[Iteration]]<br /> - [[Surface]]<br /> - [[Balance]]<br /> - [[Counterforce]]<br /> - [[Attraction]]<br /> - [[Near-far]]<br /> - [[Merging]]<br /> - [[Matching]]<br /> - [[Contact]]<br /> - [[Object]]<br /> - [[Compulsion]]<br /> - [[Restraint-count]]<br /> - [[Center-periphery]]<br /> - [[Splitting]]<br /> - [[Superimposition]]<br /> - [[Collection<br /> - [[Process]]<br /> - ...<br /> <br /> = examples =<br /> specialized forms of <br /> {{Metaphor|LIFE AS CYCLE}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS JOURNEY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS DAY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS YEAR}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FLAME}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FIRE}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS PRECIOUS POSSESSION}}<br /> <br /> Life is a frequent target domain of metaphors. According to the relevant literature, 24 possible metaphorical source domains of life can be found (e.g.<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS ADVENTURE}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FIRE}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS LIQUID}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS HISTORY}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS GAMBLING GAME}} etc.).<br /> <br /> <br /> specialized forms of {{Metaphor|LIFE AS WAXING AND WANING CYCLE OF HEAT AND LIGHT}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS DAY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS YEAR}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FLAME}}<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Oakley&#039;&#039;&#039;: (2006)...a condensed re-description of perceptual experience for the purpose of mapping spatial structure onto conceptual structure.<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Hampe&#039;&#039;&#039; [2005], is that image schemas are “...directly meaningful (“experiential”/“embodied”), pre-conceptual structures, which arise from or are grounded in human recurrent bodily movements through space, perceptual interactions and ways of manipulating objects”. Further, she points out that it follows that they are highly schematic {{ImageSchema|Gestalts}} that capture the structural contours of sensory-motor experience, integrating information from multiple modalities and exist as continuous and analogue patterns beneath conscious awareness, prior to and independently of other concepts; and are both internally structured and highly flexible.<br /> Image schemas are integrally tied to perception and motor function, but serve as the bridge to higher-level cognition.<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Michael Sinding&#039;&#039;&#039; Image schemas are simple, skeletal spatial relations concepts with a small number of parts and relations<br /> <br /> = Problems with Literature describing Image Schema = <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Definitions&#039;&#039;&#039; don&#039;t provide individuation criteria <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Structure Problem&#039;&#039;&#039; : difficult to identify what constructs qualify to be defined by an image schema as similar structures are under the same image schema<br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Categorisation Problem&#039;&#039;&#039; : difficult to determine which image schema a particular construct belongs to. <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Static vs Dynamic&#039;&#039;&#039; Problem<br /> * [[Maria M. Hedblom]], [[O. Kutz]], [[R. Peñaloza]] , [[G. Guizzardi]] static forms (e.g. Link, Containment and Center Periphery) and in dynamic, temporally-dependent forms (e.g. Linked Path, Going In and Revolving Movement) <br /> *: Bennett and Cialone list eight kinds of static {{ImageSchema|Containment}} not including {{ImageSchema|In}} and {{ImageSchema|Out}}<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema Categories}} =<br /> In general, {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema}}s ({{ImageSchema|Static}}) fall into one of these categories: {{ImageSchema|Orientational}}, {{ImageSchema|Topological}}, and {{ImageSchema|Forcedynamic}}. <br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Orientational}} ==<br /> it specifies an orientation in space relative to the gravitational pull one feels on one’s body. Usually a human orientation<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Above}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Below}} ===<br /> <br /> === {{ImageSchema|Up}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Down}} ===<br /> <br /> === {{ImageSchema|Center}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Periphery}} ===<br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Topological}} ==<br /> there are a number of topological schemas : <br /> <br /> * a {{ImageSchema|Topological schema}} of {{ImageSchema|Contact}} indicates an absence of a gap.<br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Forcedynamic}} ==<br /> there are several schemas that are forcedynamic in nature;<br /> it indicates the direction and nature of a {{ImageSchema|Force}}<br /> * in the {{ImageSchema|Support}} {{ImageSchema|Support Force}} {{ImageSchema|Balance|balance}} to allow the {{ImageSchema|Supportee|supportee}} to stay on the {{ImageSchema|Surface|surface}} of the {{ImageSchema|Supporter}}.<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Dynamic Image Schema Categories}} =<br /> shaped by culture and context (Hampe et al. 2005)<br /> <br /> from Gibbs and Steen (1999) and Hampe (2005) <br /> : {{ImageSchema|Concrete Concept}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Abstract Concept}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Image Schema}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Metaphor}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Event}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Word}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Story}}<br /> <br /> from Michael Sinding 2011 pp 239-257<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Substance}} vs {{ImageSchema|Surface}}<br /> * kinds of {{ImageSchema|Process}} {{ImageSchema|Vessel}}<br /> *: {{ImageSchema|Inflation}} vs {{ImageSchema|Deflation}}<br /> <br /> * {{ImageSchema|Lexical Items}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Concrete Images}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Concrete Events}}<br /> <br /> from Don Freeman (1999) {{ImageSchema|Dynamic Image Schema}} amalgam of {{ImageSchema|Container}} and {{ImageSchema|Link}}s and {{ImageSchema|Path}} provide a three stage progression in &#039;&#039;Antony and Cleopatra&#039;&#039; over figurative language imagery, plot, stage, offstage, business, and character.<br /> <br /> * {{ImageSchema|Surface}} vs {{ImageSchema|Depth}} in {{ImageSchema|Surface_Depth}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Part}} vs {{ImageSchema|Whole}} in {{ImageSchema|Part_Whole}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Sequence}} vs {{ImageSchema|Causality}}<br /> *: (DJW vs {{ImageSchema|Coincidence}} )<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Event}} vs {{ImageSchema|Scene}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Vertical Displacement}} <br /> <br /> Relations between two metaphor systems are contrast/complementation vs coherence.<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Up}} vs {{ImageSchema|Down}} is a {{ImageSchema|Vertical Scale}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Gaseous Substance}} {{ImageSchema|Liquid Substance}} and {{ImageSchema|Solid Substance}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Inflation}} deforms a {{ImageSchema|Container}}<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Spatial Schema}}s {{ImageSchema|Temporal_Schema}}s =<br /> Image Schematic Components hierarchy based on specific or complexity ( Mandler and Canovas 2014)<br /> <br /> 1) Spatial primitives first building blocs to understand perception<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Path}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Containment}}<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Container}} (exterior)<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Boundary}} (surface)<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Contents}} (Interior)<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Thing}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Contact}}<br /> <br /> 2) Image Schemas : representation of simple spatial events using spatial primitives<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Path of Thing}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Thing into Container}}<br /> <br /> 3) Schematic integrations - including non-spatial elements: emotions, non-spatial perception<br /> <br /> == Space Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Space}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Location}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Up_Down}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Up}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Down}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Front_Back}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Front}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Back}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Left_Right}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Left}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Right}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Near_Far}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Near}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Far}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Verticality}},<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Center_Periphery}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Center}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Periphery}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Straight}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Contact}}<br /> <br /> == Force Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Force}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Compulsion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Blockage}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Diversion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Counterforce}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Restraint}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Resistance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Attraction}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Enablement}}<br /> <br /> == Contain Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Containment}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Container}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Content}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|In_Out}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|In}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Out}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Surface}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Separator}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Full-Empty}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Full}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Empty}})<br /> <br /> == Movement Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Locomotion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Momentum}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Path}}<br /> <br /> == Balance Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Axis Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Twin-Pan Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Point Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Equilibrium}}<br /> <br /> == Object Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Identity}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Matching}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Superimposition}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Existence}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Removal}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Bounded space}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Cycle}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Object}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Process}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Agent}}<br /> <br /> == Multiple Objects ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Multiplicity}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Merging}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Collection}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Splitting}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Iteration}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Part_Whole}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Part}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Whole}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Linkage}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Count-Mass}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Count}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Mass}})<br /> <br /> <br /> {{subpages-name}}</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Image_Schema&diff=2020 2023-02-09T20:23:18Z

<p>DavidWhitten: /* definitions */</p> <hr /> <div>= web links =<br /> <br /> https://d-nb.info/121996610X/34<br /> <br /> = definitions =<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: (1987 xiv) An image schema is a recurring, dynamic pattern of our perceptual interactions and motor <br /> programs that gives coherence and structure to our experience.<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: &quot;structure indefinitely many perceptions, images, and events&quot;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: (1987) emerge as meaningful structures for us chiefly at the level of our bodily movements through space, our manipulations of objects, and our perceptual interaction<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Lakoff and Turner, 1989: 97&#039;&#039;&#039; thus when we understand a scene, we naturally structure it in terms of such elementary image-schemas&quot;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Lakoff and Turner, 1980, Ch 9, 15-17&#039;&#039;&#039; : image schema allow metaphors to cohere and be structured. <br /> Metaphors may cohere if their source domains are special cases of a more general one. <br /> <br /> From http://scodis.com/for-students/glossary/image-schema/#:~:text=reaching%20their%20aim.-,Johnson%20and%20G.,also%20described%20through%20image%20schemas.<br /> <br /> Image schema is a notion that first appears in the works of M. Johnson and G. Lakoff in the 1980s. The scholars speak of a close connection between image schemas and the bodily experience that a person acquires in the process of interaction with the world around. Image schemas present notions schematically, reflecting the [[shape of an object]], its location, the [[trajectory of movement]] etc.<br /> <br /> Many concepts and everyday expressions can be presented as image schemas. [[M. Johnson]] and G. Lakoff single out a number of basic image schemas. Here are some examples:<br /> <br /> 1. [[Container]]. Every day we come across a great number of containers in the broadest sense: we inhale air [[INTO]] our lungs and exhale it [[OUT OF]] them (that is, our lungs are in fact containers for air), every morning we squeeze toothpaste OUT OF the tube, and after that pour coffee INTO a cup ([[Johnson]]). On the basis of this bodily experience an image schema of container is formed in our mind. The parts of the schema are borders, which divide the outside from the inside (Lakoff). There are a lot of expressions and metaphors that are based on this idea. For instance, the English expression “to be in love” can be seen in the following way: love is a container, and the person is inside this container. We can also think of a Russian expression “уйти с головой в работу” (to immerse oneself in the work). Here work can also be seen as a container with this very workaholic inside it.<br /> <br /> 2. [[Part-whole]]. We can find the relations between a part and the whole everywhere. We speak of body parts, military units, about faculties that are parts of a single educational institution. The elements of this image schema are parts, the whole and their configurations (Lakoff). Numerous metaphors are based on this image schema. As a vivid example, we can think of the idea of family in Russian culture, where the husband is seen as the head and the wife – as the neck, and together they form a whole, with the marriage as the basis for this unity: bride and groom become man and wife, they become parts of a single organism – a family. The divorce is in its turn regarded as a reverse process, when a family as a whole splits in two parts. This conceptualization of divorce is reflected in one of its names: “splitting up”, which literally means “division” (Lakoff).<br /> <br /> 3. [[Source-path-goal]]. Whenever we go, we depart from a starting point, make a journey, and in the end reach the goal. As the main components of this image schema we can single out the starting and the ending point, the path and the direction ([[Lakoff]]). The classical example of this image schema is “to go a long way towards” fame/success, which exists both in English and Russian (“проделать долгий путь к чему-либо”). In this case the beginning of the career is the starting point, the fame is the ending point, the direction is the direction towards success, and the way is all the stages that a person has to go through before reaching their aim.<br /> <br /> [[M. Johnson]] and [[G. Lakoff]] also give examples of other image schemas: “[[connection]]”, “[[centre-periphery]]”, “[[up-down]]” etc. The meaning of prepositions, different notions of grammar are also described through image schemas. The idea has found further development in the works of many authors ([[J. M. Mandler]], [[C. P. Cánovas]], [[R. W. Gibbs]]), who write about their different characteristics and spheres of application.<br /> <br /> Рекомендуемая литература<br /> <br /> : [[Johnson M.]], The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason. – Chicago – London: The University of Chicago Press, 1990.<br /> <br /> : [[Lakoff G.]] Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.<br /> <br /> : [[Mandler J. M.]], [[Cánovas C. P.]] On defining image schemas // On Language and Cognition, UK Cognitive Linguistics Association, 2004. – Vol. 6. – P. 510–532.<br /> <br /> — [[Valeriya Denisova]] (Ph.D. student) Translated by [[Alina Strugova]]<br /> <br /> http://www.ello.uos.de/field.php/CognitiveApproaches/ImageSchemas<br /> <br /> <br /> image schemas can be described as fundamental and deeply rooted concepts, acquired in early childhood, some maybe even earlier. <br /> <br /> Whereas image schemas are of course meaningful themselves and can be expressed language, they also give rise to more abstract concepts via use of conceptual metaphors such as the application of the schema CONTAINER to other areas such as emotional states. <br /> <br /> Image schemas are said to be derived directly from embodiment, i.e. the ways our human bodies perceive and interact with the external world. It is important however, to notice, that even though this might be true, embodiment does <br /> <br /> <br /> image schemas that have been suggested are the following: <br /> * [[Blockage]]<br /> - [[Enablement]]<br /> - [[Cycle]]<br /> - [[Part-whole]]<br /> - [[Full-empty]]<br /> - [[Iteration]]<br /> - [[Surface]]<br /> - [[Balance]]<br /> - [[Counterforce]]<br /> - [[Attraction]]<br /> - [[Near-far]]<br /> - [[Merging]]<br /> - [[Matching<br /> - [[Contact]]<br /> - [[Object]]<br /> - [[Compulsion]]<br /> - [[Restraint-count]]<br /> - [[Center-periphery]]<br /> - [[Splitting<br /> - [[Superimposition]]<br /> - [[Collection<br /> - [[Process]]<br /> - ...<br /> <br /> = examples =<br /> specialized forms of <br /> {{Metaphor|LIFE AS CYCLE}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS JOURNEY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS DAY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS YEAR}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FLAME}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FIRE}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS PRECIOUS POSSESSION}}<br /> <br /> Life is a frequent target domain of metaphors. According to the relevant literature, 24 possible metaphorical source domains of life can be found (e.g.<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS ADVENTURE}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FIRE}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS LIQUID}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS HISTORY}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS GAMBLING GAME}} etc.).<br /> <br /> <br /> specialized forms of {{Metaphor|LIFE AS WAXING AND WANING CYCLE OF HEAT AND LIGHT}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS DAY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS YEAR}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FLAME}}<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Oakley&#039;&#039;&#039;: (2006)...a condensed re-description of perceptual experience for the purpose of mapping spatial structure onto conceptual structure.<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Hampe&#039;&#039;&#039; [2005], is that image schemas are “...directly meaningful (“experiential”/“embodied”), pre-conceptual structures, which arise from or are grounded in human recurrent bodily movements through space, perceptual interactions and ways of manipulating objects”. Further, she points out that it follows that they are highly schematic {{ImageSchema|Gestalts}} that capture the structural contours of sensory-motor experience, integrating information from multiple modalities and exist as continuous and analogue patterns beneath conscious awareness, prior to and independently of other concepts; and are both internally structured and highly flexible.<br /> Image schemas are integrally tied to perception and motor function, but serve as the bridge to higher-level cognition.<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Michael Sinding&#039;&#039;&#039; Image schemas are simple, skeletal spatial relations concepts with a small number of parts and relations<br /> <br /> = Problems with Literature describing Image Schema = <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Definitions&#039;&#039;&#039; don&#039;t provide individuation criteria <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Structure Problem&#039;&#039;&#039; : difficult to identify what constructs qualify to be defined by an image schema as similar structures are under the same image schema<br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Categorisation Problem&#039;&#039;&#039; : difficult to determine which image schema a particular construct belongs to. <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Static vs Dynamic&#039;&#039;&#039; Problem<br /> * [[Maria M. Hedblom]], [[O. Kutz]], [[R. Peñaloza]] , [[G. Guizzardi]] static forms (e.g. Link, Containment and Center Periphery) and in dynamic, temporally-dependent forms (e.g. Linked Path, Going In and Revolving Movement) <br /> *: Bennett and Cialone list eight kinds of static {{ImageSchema|Containment}} not including {{ImageSchema|In}} and {{ImageSchema|Out}}<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema Categories}} =<br /> In general, {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema}}s ({{ImageSchema|Static}}) fall into one of these categories: {{ImageSchema|Orientational}}, {{ImageSchema|Topological}}, and {{ImageSchema|Forcedynamic}}. <br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Orientational}} ==<br /> it specifies an orientation in space relative to the gravitational pull one feels on one’s body. Usually a human orientation<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Above}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Below}} ===<br /> <br /> === {{ImageSchema|Up}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Down}} ===<br /> <br /> === {{ImageSchema|Center}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Periphery}} ===<br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Topological}} ==<br /> there are a number of topological schemas : <br /> <br /> * a {{ImageSchema|Topological schema}} of {{ImageSchema|Contact}} indicates an absence of a gap.<br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Forcedynamic}} ==<br /> there are several schemas that are forcedynamic in nature;<br /> it indicates the direction and nature of a {{ImageSchema|Force}}<br /> * in the {{ImageSchema|Support}} {{ImageSchema|Support Force}} {{ImageSchema|Balance|balance}} to allow the {{ImageSchema|Supportee|supportee}} to stay on the {{ImageSchema|Surface|surface}} of the {{ImageSchema|Supporter}}.<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Dynamic Image Schema Categories}} =<br /> shaped by culture and context (Hampe et al. 2005)<br /> <br /> from Gibbs and Steen (1999) and Hampe (2005) <br /> : {{ImageSchema|Concrete Concept}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Abstract Concept}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Image Schema}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Metaphor}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Event}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Word}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Story}}<br /> <br /> from Michael Sinding 2011 pp 239-257<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Substance}} vs {{ImageSchema|Surface}}<br /> * kinds of {{ImageSchema|Process}} {{ImageSchema|Vessel}}<br /> *: {{ImageSchema|Inflation}} vs {{ImageSchema|Deflation}}<br /> <br /> * {{ImageSchema|Lexical Items}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Concrete Images}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Concrete Events}}<br /> <br /> from Don Freeman (1999) {{ImageSchema|Dynamic Image Schema}} amalgam of {{ImageSchema|Container}} and {{ImageSchema|Link}}s and {{ImageSchema|Path}} provide a three stage progression in &#039;&#039;Antony and Cleopatra&#039;&#039; over figurative language imagery, plot, stage, offstage, business, and character.<br /> <br /> * {{ImageSchema|Surface}} vs {{ImageSchema|Depth}} in {{ImageSchema|Surface_Depth}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Part}} vs {{ImageSchema|Whole}} in {{ImageSchema|Part_Whole}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Sequence}} vs {{ImageSchema|Causality}}<br /> *: (DJW vs {{ImageSchema|Coincidence}} )<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Event}} vs {{ImageSchema|Scene}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Vertical Displacement}} <br /> <br /> Relations between two metaphor systems are contrast/complementation vs coherence.<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Up}} vs {{ImageSchema|Down}} is a {{ImageSchema|Vertical Scale}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Gaseous Substance}} {{ImageSchema|Liquid Substance}} and {{ImageSchema|Solid Substance}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Inflation}} deforms a {{ImageSchema|Container}}<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Spatial Schema}}s {{ImageSchema|Temporal_Schema}}s =<br /> Image Schematic Components hierarchy based on specific or complexity ( Mandler and Canovas 2014)<br /> <br /> 1) Spatial primitives first building blocs to understand perception<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Path}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Containment}}<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Container}} (exterior)<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Boundary}} (surface)<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Contents}} (Interior)<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Thing}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Contact}}<br /> <br /> 2) Image Schemas : representation of simple spatial events using spatial primitives<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Path of Thing}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Thing into Container}}<br /> <br /> 3) Schematic integrations - including non-spatial elements: emotions, non-spatial perception<br /> <br /> == Space Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Space}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Location}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Up_Down}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Up}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Down}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Front_Back}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Front}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Back}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Left_Right}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Left}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Right}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Near_Far}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Near}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Far}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Verticality}},<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Center_Periphery}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Center}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Periphery}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Straight}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Contact}}<br /> <br /> == Force Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Force}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Compulsion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Blockage}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Diversion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Counterforce}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Restraint}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Resistance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Attraction}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Enablement}}<br /> <br /> == Contain Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Containment}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Container}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Content}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|In_Out}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|In}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Out}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Surface}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Separator}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Full-Empty}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Full}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Empty}})<br /> <br /> == Movement Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Locomotion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Momentum}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Path}}<br /> <br /> == Balance Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Axis Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Twin-Pan Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Point Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Equilibrium}}<br /> <br /> == Object Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Identity}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Matching}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Superimposition}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Existence}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Removal}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Bounded space}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Cycle}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Object}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Process}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Agent}}<br /> <br /> == Multiple Objects ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Multiplicity}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Merging}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Collection}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Splitting}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Iteration}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Part_Whole}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Part}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Whole}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Linkage}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Count-Mass}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Count}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Mass}})<br /> <br /> <br /> {{subpages-name}}</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Idealized_Cognitive_Models&diff=2019 2023-02-09T20:10:05Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>From http://scodis.com/for-students/glossary/idealized-cognitive-models<br /> <br /> IDEALIZED COGNITIVE MODEL<br /> <br /> Idealized Cognitive Models or ICMs were introduced by G. Lakoff in his book “Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind”. ICMs represent complex [[Gestalt structure]]s, which organize our knowledge of the world.<br /> <br /> Unlike frames (Ch. Fillmore) ICMs do not attempt to represent the world with absolute precision, they are culturally based and universal. To illustrate the notion of ICM G. Lakoff turns to the concept of the word Tuesday that makes sense only within an ICM that includes the conceptы of DAY as the time, during which the Earth makes the full cycle around the Sun, and of WEEK as a seven-day period of time [Lakoff, p. 70].<br /> <br /> Another more complicated example is the concept BACHELOR that can be defined as an unmarried adult man. However, it is hard to qualify Tarzan or the Pope as bachelors, though they meet the definition. So, the concept is defined with respect to an ICM in which there is a human society with typically monogamous marriage, and a typical marriageable age. The model says nothing about the priests or representatives of the religions, in which the polygamy is permitted, i.e. the ICM fits in the system of certain segments of society, but it does not work in the peripheral cases [Lakoff, p.68-70].<br /> <br /> Lakoff distinguishes between 5 types of ICMs:<br /> <br /> # Propositional ICMs include simple elements and connections between them. <br /> This type includes, for example, scenarios and scripts.<br /> # Image-schematic ICMs represent the image-schemas that describe different concepts based on the location of the object, its shape, trajectory of movement, etc.<br /> # Metaphoric mappings occur while transfer some items from one area to another, for example, when life is considered as a path.<br /> # Metonymic mappings apply when one concept replaces the other.<br /> # Symbolic ICMs describe the knowledge about the language.<br /> <br /> Therefore, the term ICM is primarily based on [[Fillmore]]’s notion of frame and [[Lakoff]] and Johnson’s theory of metaphor. Along with mental spaces by [[G. Fauconnier]], blends by [[M. Turner]], image-schemas by [[R. Langacker]] and [[M. Joynson]], ICMs are used as a way to represent knowledge structures and a tool to describe the semantics of linguistic expressions.<br /> <br /> Further reading<br /> <br /> [[Cienki A.]] Frames, idealised cognitive models and domains // The Oxford handbook of cognitive linguistics. [[D. Geeraerts]], [[H. Cuyckens]] (eds.). NY: Oxford UniversityPress, 2007. — P. 170-187.<br /> <br /> Lakoff G. Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.<br /> <br /> Valeriya Denisova (Ph.D student)<br /> <br /> Translated by [[Tatyana Bocharova]]</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Idealized_Cognitive_Models&diff=2018 2023-02-09T20:09:28Z

<p>DavidWhitten: Created page with &quot;From http://scodis.com/for-students/glossary/idealized-cognitive-models IDEALIZED COGNITIVE MODEL Idealized Cognitive Models or ICMs were introduced by G. Lakoff in his book...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>From http://scodis.com/for-students/glossary/idealized-cognitive-models<br /> <br /> IDEALIZED COGNITIVE MODEL<br /> <br /> Idealized Cognitive Models or ICMs were introduced by G. Lakoff in his book “Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind”. ICMs represent complex Gestalt structures, which organize our knowledge of the world.<br /> <br /> Unlike frames (Ch. Fillmore) ICMs do not attempt to represent the world with absolute precision, they are culturally based and universal. To illustrate the notion of ICM G. Lakoff turns to the concept of the word Tuesday that makes sense only within an ICM that includes the conceptы of DAY as the time, during which the Earth makes the full cycle around the Sun, and of WEEK as a seven-day period of time [Lakoff, p. 70].<br /> <br /> Another more complicated example is the concept BACHELOR that can be defined as an unmarried adult man. However, it is hard to qualify Tarzan or the Pope as bachelors, though they meet the definition. So, the concept is defined with respect to an ICM in which there is a human society with typically monogamous marriage, and a typical marriageable age. The model says nothing about the priests or representatives of the religions, in which the polygamy is permitted, i.e. the ICM fits in the system of certain segments of society, but it does not work in the peripheral cases [Lakoff, p.68-70].<br /> <br /> Lakoff distinguishes between 5 types of ICMs:<br /> <br /> # Propositional ICMs include simple elements and connections between them. <br /> This type includes, for example, scenarios and scripts.<br /> # Image-schematic ICMs represent the image-schemas that describe different concepts based on the location of the object, its shape, trajectory of movement, etc.<br /> # Metaphoric mappings occur while transfer some items from one area to another, for example, when life is considered as a path.<br /> # Metonymic mappings apply when one concept replaces the other.<br /> # Symbolic ICMs describe the knowledge about the language.<br /> <br /> Therefore, the term ICM is primarily based on [[Fillmore]]’s notion of frame and [[Lakoff]] and Johnson’s theory of metaphor. Along with mental spaces by [[G. Fauconnier]], blends by [[M. Turner]], image-schemas by [[R. Langacker]] and [[M. Joynson]], ICMs are used as a way to represent knowledge structures and a tool to describe the semantics of linguistic expressions.<br /> <br /> Further reading<br /> <br /> [[Cienki A.]] Frames, idealised cognitive models and domains // The Oxford handbook of cognitive linguistics. [[D. Geeraerts]], [[H. Cuyckens]] (eds.). NY: Oxford UniversityPress, 2007. — P. 170-187.<br /> <br /> Lakoff G. Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.<br /> <br /> Valeriya Denisova (Ph.D student)<br /> <br /> Translated by [[Tatyana Bocharova]]</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Image_Schema&diff=2017 2023-02-09T20:02:31Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>= web links =<br /> <br /> https://d-nb.info/121996610X/34<br /> <br /> = definitions =<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: (1987 xiv) An image schema is a recurring, dynamic pattern of our perceptual interactions and motor <br /> programs that gives coherence and structure to our experience.<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: &quot;structure indefinitely many perceptions, images, and events&quot;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: (1987) emerge as meaningful structures for us chiefly at the level of our bodily movements through space, our manipulations of objects, and our perceptual interaction<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Lakoff and Turner, 1989: 97&#039;&#039;&#039; thus when we understand a scene, we naturally structure it in terms of such elementary image-schemas&quot;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Lakoff and Turner, 1980, Ch 9, 15-17&#039;&#039;&#039; : image schema allow metaphors to cohere and be structured. <br /> Metaphors may cohere if their source domains are special cases of a more general one. <br /> <br /> From http://scodis.com/for-students/glossary/image-schema/#:~:text=reaching%20their%20aim.-,Johnson%20and%20G.,also%20described%20through%20image%20schemas.<br /> <br /> Image schema is a notion that first appears in the works of M. Johnson and G. Lakoff in the 1980s. The scholars speak of a close connection between image schemas and the bodily experience that a person acquires in the process of interaction with the world around. Image schemas present notions schematically, reflecting the [[shape of an object]], its location, the [[trajectory of movement]] etc.<br /> <br /> Many concepts and everyday expressions can be presented as image schemas. [[M. Johnson]] and G. Lakoff single out a number of basic image schemas. Here are some examples:<br /> <br /> 1. [[Container]]. Every day we come across a great number of containers in the broadest sense: we inhale air [[INTO]] our lungs and exhale it [[OUT OF]] them (that is, our lungs are in fact containers for air), every morning we squeeze toothpaste OUT OF the tube, and after that pour coffee INTO a cup ([[Johnson]]). On the basis of this bodily experience an image schema of container is formed in our mind. The parts of the schema are borders, which divide the outside from the inside (Lakoff). There are a lot of expressions and metaphors that are based on this idea. For instance, the English expression “to be in love” can be seen in the following way: love is a container, and the person is inside this container. We can also think of a Russian expression “уйти с головой в работу” (to immerse oneself in the work). Here work can also be seen as a container with this very workaholic inside it.<br /> <br /> 2. [[Part-whole]]. We can find the relations between a part and the whole everywhere. We speak of body parts, military units, about faculties that are parts of a single educational institution. The elements of this image schema are parts, the whole and their configurations (Lakoff). Numerous metaphors are based on this image schema. As a vivid example, we can think of the idea of family in Russian culture, where the husband is seen as the head and the wife – as the neck, and together they form a whole, with the marriage as the basis for this unity: bride and groom become man and wife, they become parts of a single organism – a family. The divorce is in its turn regarded as a reverse process, when a family as a whole splits in two parts. This conceptualization of divorce is reflected in one of its names: “splitting up”, which literally means “division” (Lakoff).<br /> <br /> 3. [[Source-path-goal]]. Whenever we go, we depart from a starting point, make a journey, and in the end reach the goal. As the main components of this image schema we can single out the starting and the ending point, the path and the direction ([[Lakoff]]). The classical example of this image schema is “to go a long way towards” fame/success, which exists both in English and Russian (“проделать долгий путь к чему-либо”). In this case the beginning of the career is the starting point, the fame is the ending point, the direction is the direction towards success, and the way is all the stages that a person has to go through before reaching their aim.<br /> <br /> [[M. Johnson]] and [[G. Lakoff]] also give examples of other image schemas: “[[connection]]”, “[[centre-periphery]]”, “[[up-down]]” etc. The meaning of prepositions, different notions of grammar are also described through image schemas. The idea has found further development in the works of many authors ([[J. M. Mandler]], [[C. P. Cánovas]], [[R. W. Gibbs]]), who write about their different characteristics and spheres of application.<br /> <br /> Рекомендуемая литература<br /> <br /> : [[Johnson M.]], The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason. – Chicago – London: The University of Chicago Press, 1990.<br /> <br /> : [[Lakoff G.]] Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.<br /> <br /> : [[Mandler J. M.]], [[Cánovas C. P.]] On defining image schemas // On Language and Cognition, UK Cognitive Linguistics Association, 2004. – Vol. 6. – P. 510–532.<br /> <br /> — [[Valeriya Denisova]] (Ph.D. student) Translated by [[Alina Strugova]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> = examples =<br /> specialized forms of <br /> {{Metaphor|LIFE AS CYCLE}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS JOURNEY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS DAY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS YEAR}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FLAME}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FIRE}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS PRECIOUS POSSESSION}}<br /> <br /> Life is a frequent target domain of metaphors. According to the relevant literature, 24 possible metaphorical source domains of life can be found (e.g.<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS ADVENTURE}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FIRE}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS LIQUID}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS HISTORY}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS GAMBLING GAME}} etc.).<br /> <br /> <br /> specialized forms of {{Metaphor|LIFE AS WAXING AND WANING CYCLE OF HEAT AND LIGHT}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS DAY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS YEAR}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FLAME}}<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Oakley&#039;&#039;&#039;: (2006)...a condensed re-description of perceptual experience for the purpose of mapping spatial structure onto conceptual structure.<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Hampe&#039;&#039;&#039; [2005], is that image schemas are “...directly meaningful (“experiential”/“embodied”), pre-conceptual structures, which arise from or are grounded in human recurrent bodily movements through space, perceptual interactions and ways of manipulating objects”. Further, she points out that it follows that they are highly schematic {{ImageSchema|Gestalts}} that capture the structural contours of sensory-motor experience, integrating information from multiple modalities and exist as continuous and analogue patterns beneath conscious awareness, prior to and independently of other concepts; and are both internally structured and highly flexible.<br /> Image schemas are integrally tied to perception and motor function, but serve as the bridge to higher-level cognition.<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Michael Sinding&#039;&#039;&#039; Image schemas are simple, skeletal spatial relations concepts with a small number of parts and relations<br /> <br /> = Problems with Literature describing Image Schema = <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Definitions&#039;&#039;&#039; don&#039;t provide individuation criteria <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Structure Problem&#039;&#039;&#039; : difficult to identify what constructs qualify to be defined by an image schema as similar structures are under the same image schema<br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Categorisation Problem&#039;&#039;&#039; : difficult to determine which image schema a particular construct belongs to. <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Static vs Dynamic&#039;&#039;&#039; Problem<br /> * [[Maria M. Hedblom]], [[O. Kutz]], [[R. Peñaloza]] , [[G. Guizzardi]] static forms (e.g. Link, Containment and Center Periphery) and in dynamic, temporally-dependent forms (e.g. Linked Path, Going In and Revolving Movement) <br /> *: Bennett and Cialone list eight kinds of static {{ImageSchema|Containment}} not including {{ImageSchema|In}} and {{ImageSchema|Out}}<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema Categories}} =<br /> In general, {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema}}s ({{ImageSchema|Static}}) fall into one of these categories: {{ImageSchema|Orientational}}, {{ImageSchema|Topological}}, and {{ImageSchema|Forcedynamic}}. <br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Orientational}} ==<br /> it specifies an orientation in space relative to the gravitational pull one feels on one’s body. Usually a human orientation<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Above}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Below}} ===<br /> <br /> === {{ImageSchema|Up}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Down}} ===<br /> <br /> === {{ImageSchema|Center}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Periphery}} ===<br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Topological}} ==<br /> there are a number of topological schemas : <br /> <br /> * a {{ImageSchema|Topological schema}} of {{ImageSchema|Contact}} indicates an absence of a gap.<br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Forcedynamic}} ==<br /> there are several schemas that are forcedynamic in nature;<br /> it indicates the direction and nature of a {{ImageSchema|Force}}<br /> * in the {{ImageSchema|Support}} {{ImageSchema|Support Force}} {{ImageSchema|Balance|balance}} to allow the {{ImageSchema|Supportee|supportee}} to stay on the {{ImageSchema|Surface|surface}} of the {{ImageSchema|Supporter}}.<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Dynamic Image Schema Categories}} =<br /> shaped by culture and context (Hampe et al. 2005)<br /> <br /> from Gibbs and Steen (1999) and Hampe (2005) <br /> : {{ImageSchema|Concrete Concept}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Abstract Concept}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Image Schema}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Metaphor}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Event}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Word}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Story}}<br /> <br /> from Michael Sinding 2011 pp 239-257<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Substance}} vs {{ImageSchema|Surface}}<br /> * kinds of {{ImageSchema|Process}} {{ImageSchema|Vessel}}<br /> *: {{ImageSchema|Inflation}} vs {{ImageSchema|Deflation}}<br /> <br /> * {{ImageSchema|Lexical Items}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Concrete Images}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Concrete Events}}<br /> <br /> from Don Freeman (1999) {{ImageSchema|Dynamic Image Schema}} amalgam of {{ImageSchema|Container}} and {{ImageSchema|Link}}s and {{ImageSchema|Path}} provide a three stage progression in &#039;&#039;Antony and Cleopatra&#039;&#039; over figurative language imagery, plot, stage, offstage, business, and character.<br /> <br /> * {{ImageSchema|Surface}} vs {{ImageSchema|Depth}} in {{ImageSchema|Surface_Depth}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Part}} vs {{ImageSchema|Whole}} in {{ImageSchema|Part_Whole}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Sequence}} vs {{ImageSchema|Causality}}<br /> *: (DJW vs {{ImageSchema|Coincidence}} )<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Event}} vs {{ImageSchema|Scene}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Vertical Displacement}} <br /> <br /> Relations between two metaphor systems are contrast/complementation vs coherence.<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Up}} vs {{ImageSchema|Down}} is a {{ImageSchema|Vertical Scale}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Gaseous Substance}} {{ImageSchema|Liquid Substance}} and {{ImageSchema|Solid Substance}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Inflation}} deforms a {{ImageSchema|Container}}<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Spatial Schema}}s {{ImageSchema|Temporal_Schema}}s =<br /> Image Schematic Components hierarchy based on specific or complexity ( Mandler and Canovas 2014)<br /> <br /> 1) Spatial primitives first building blocs to understand perception<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Path}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Containment}}<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Container}} (exterior)<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Boundary}} (surface)<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Contents}} (Interior)<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Thing}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Contact}}<br /> <br /> 2) Image Schemas : representation of simple spatial events using spatial primitives<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Path of Thing}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Thing into Container}}<br /> <br /> 3) Schematic integrations - including non-spatial elements: emotions, non-spatial perception<br /> <br /> == Space Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Space}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Location}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Up_Down}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Up}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Down}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Front_Back}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Front}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Back}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Left_Right}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Left}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Right}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Near_Far}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Near}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Far}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Verticality}},<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Center_Periphery}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Center}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Periphery}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Straight}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Contact}}<br /> <br /> == Force Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Force}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Compulsion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Blockage}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Diversion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Counterforce}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Restraint}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Resistance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Attraction}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Enablement}}<br /> <br /> == Contain Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Containment}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Container}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Content}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|In_Out}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|In}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Out}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Surface}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Separator}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Full-Empty}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Full}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Empty}})<br /> <br /> == Movement Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Locomotion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Momentum}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Path}}<br /> <br /> == Balance Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Axis Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Twin-Pan Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Point Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Equilibrium}}<br /> <br /> == Object Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Identity}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Matching}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Superimposition}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Existence}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Removal}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Bounded space}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Cycle}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Object}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Process}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Agent}}<br /> <br /> == Multiple Objects ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Multiplicity}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Merging}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Collection}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Splitting}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Iteration}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Part_Whole}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Part}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Whole}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Linkage}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Count-Mass}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Count}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Mass}})<br /> <br /> <br /> {{subpages-name}}</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Image_Schema&diff=2016 2023-02-09T20:00:44Z

<p>DavidWhitten: /* definitions */</p> <hr /> <div>= web links =<br /> <br /> https://d-nb.info/121996610X/34<br /> <br /> = definitions =<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: (1987 xiv) An image schema is a recurring, dynamic pattern of our perceptual interactions and motor <br /> programs that gives coherence and structure to our experience.<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: &quot;structure indefinitely many perceptions, images, and events&quot;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: (1987) emerge as meaningful structures for us chiefly at the level of our bodily movements through space, our manipulations of objects, and our perceptual interaction<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Lakoff and Turner, 1989: 97&#039;&#039;&#039; thus when we understand a scene, we naturally structure it in terms of such elementary image-schemas&quot;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Lakoff and Turner, 1980, Ch 9, 15-17&#039;&#039;&#039; : image schema allow metaphors to cohere and be structured. <br /> Metaphors may cohere if their source domains are special cases of a more general one. <br /> <br /> From http://scodis.com/for-students/glossary/image-schema/#:~:text=reaching%20their%20aim.-,Johnson%20and%20G.,also%20described%20through%20image%20schemas.<br /> <br /> Image schema is a notion that first appears in the works of M. Johnson and G. Lakoff in the 1980s. The scholars speak of a close connection between image schemas and the bodily experience that a person acquires in the process of interaction with the world around. Image schemas present notions schematically, reflecting the [[shape of an object]], its location, the [[trajectory of movement]] etc.<br /> <br /> Many concepts and everyday expressions can be presented as image schemas. [[M. Johnson]] and G. Lakoff single out a number of basic image schemas. Here are some examples:<br /> <br /> 1. [[Container]]. Every day we come across a great number of containers in the broadest sense: we inhale air [[INTO]] our lungs and exhale it [[OUT OF]] them (that is, our lungs are in fact containers for air), every morning we squeeze toothpaste OUT OF the tube, and after that pour coffee INTO a cup ([[Johnson]]). On the basis of this bodily experience an image schema of container is formed in our mind. The parts of the schema are borders, which divide the outside from the inside (Lakoff). There are a lot of expressions and metaphors that are based on this idea. For instance, the English expression “to be in love” can be seen in the following way: love is a container, and the person is inside this container. We can also think of a Russian expression “уйти с головой в работу” (to immerse oneself in the work). Here work can also be seen as a container with this very workaholic inside it.<br /> <br /> 2. [[Part-whole]]. We can find the relations between a part and the whole everywhere. We speak of body parts, military units, about faculties that are parts of a single educational institution. The elements of this image schema are parts, the whole and their configurations (Lakoff). Numerous metaphors are based on this image schema. As a vivid example, we can think of the idea of family in Russian culture, where the husband is seen as the head and the wife – as the neck, and together they form a whole, with the marriage as the basis for this unity: bride and groom become man and wife, they become parts of a single organism – a family. The divorce is in its turn regarded as a reverse process, when a family as a whole splits in two parts. This conceptualization of divorce is reflected in one of its names: “splitting up”, which literally means “division” (Lakoff).<br /> <br /> 3. [[Source-path-goal]]. Whenever we go, we depart from a starting point, make a journey, and in the end reach the goal. As the main components of this image schema we can single out the starting and the ending point, the path and the direction ([[Lakoff]]). The classical example of this image schema is “to go a long way towards” fame/success, which exists both in English and Russian (“проделать долгий путь к чему-либо”). In this case the beginning of the career is the starting point, the fame is the ending point, the direction is the direction towards success, and the way is all the stages that a person has to go through before reaching their aim.<br /> <br /> [[M. Johnson]] and [[G. Lakoff]] also give examples of other image schemas: “[[connection]]”, “[[centre-periphery]]”, “[[up-down]]” etc. The meaning of prepositions, different notions of grammar are also described through image schemas. The idea has found further development in the works of many authors ([[J. M. Mandler]], [[C. P. Cánovas]], [[R. W. Gibbs]]), who write about their different characteristics and spheres of application.<br /> <br /> Рекомендуемая литература<br /> <br /> : [[Johnson M.]], The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason. – Chicago – London: The University of Chicago Press, 1990.<br /> <br /> : [[Lakoff G.]] Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.<br /> <br /> : [[Mandler J. M.]], [[Cánovas C. P.]] On defining image schemas // On Language and Cognition, UK Cognitive Linguistics Association, 2004. – Vol. 6. – P. 510–532.<br /> <br /> = examples =<br /> specialized forms of <br /> {{Metaphor|LIFE AS CYCLE}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS JOURNEY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS DAY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS YEAR}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FLAME}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FIRE}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS PRECIOUS POSSESSION}}<br /> <br /> Life is a frequent target domain of metaphors. According to the relevant literature, 24 possible metaphorical source domains of life can be found (e.g.<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS ADVENTURE}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FIRE}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS LIQUID}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS HISTORY}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS GAMBLING GAME}} etc.).<br /> <br /> <br /> specialized forms of {{Metaphor|LIFE AS WAXING AND WANING CYCLE OF HEAT AND LIGHT}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS DAY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS YEAR}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FLAME}}<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Oakley&#039;&#039;&#039;: (2006)...a condensed re-description of perceptual experience for the purpose of mapping spatial structure onto conceptual structure.<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Hampe&#039;&#039;&#039; [2005], is that image schemas are “...directly meaningful (“experiential”/“embodied”), pre-conceptual structures, which arise from or are grounded in human recurrent bodily movements through space, perceptual interactions and ways of manipulating objects”. Further, she points out that it follows that they are highly schematic {{ImageSchema|Gestalts}} that capture the structural contours of sensory-motor experience, integrating information from multiple modalities and exist as continuous and analogue patterns beneath conscious awareness, prior to and independently of other concepts; and are both internally structured and highly flexible.<br /> Image schemas are integrally tied to perception and motor function, but serve as the bridge to higher-level cognition.<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Michael Sinding&#039;&#039;&#039; Image schemas are simple, skeletal spatial relations concepts with a small number of parts and relations<br /> <br /> = Problems with Literature describing Image Schema = <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Definitions&#039;&#039;&#039; don&#039;t provide individuation criteria <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Structure Problem&#039;&#039;&#039; : difficult to identify what constructs qualify to be defined by an image schema as similar structures are under the same image schema<br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Categorisation Problem&#039;&#039;&#039; : difficult to determine which image schema a particular construct belongs to. <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Static vs Dynamic&#039;&#039;&#039; Problem<br /> * [[Maria M. Hedblom]], [[O. Kutz]], [[R. Peñaloza]] , [[G. Guizzardi]] static forms (e.g. Link, Containment and Center Periphery) and in dynamic, temporally-dependent forms (e.g. Linked Path, Going In and Revolving Movement) <br /> *: Bennett and Cialone list eight kinds of static {{ImageSchema|Containment}} not including {{ImageSchema|In}} and {{ImageSchema|Out}}<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema Categories}} =<br /> In general, {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema}}s ({{ImageSchema|Static}}) fall into one of these categories: {{ImageSchema|Orientational}}, {{ImageSchema|Topological}}, and {{ImageSchema|Forcedynamic}}. <br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Orientational}} ==<br /> it specifies an orientation in space relative to the gravitational pull one feels on one’s body. Usually a human orientation<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Above}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Below}} ===<br /> <br /> === {{ImageSchema|Up}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Down}} ===<br /> <br /> === {{ImageSchema|Center}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Periphery}} ===<br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Topological}} ==<br /> there are a number of topological schemas : <br /> <br /> * a {{ImageSchema|Topological schema}} of {{ImageSchema|Contact}} indicates an absence of a gap.<br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Forcedynamic}} ==<br /> there are several schemas that are forcedynamic in nature;<br /> it indicates the direction and nature of a {{ImageSchema|Force}}<br /> * in the {{ImageSchema|Support}} {{ImageSchema|Support Force}} {{ImageSchema|Balance|balance}} to allow the {{ImageSchema|Supportee|supportee}} to stay on the {{ImageSchema|Surface|surface}} of the {{ImageSchema|Supporter}}.<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Dynamic Image Schema Categories}} =<br /> shaped by culture and context (Hampe et al. 2005)<br /> <br /> from Gibbs and Steen (1999) and Hampe (2005) <br /> : {{ImageSchema|Concrete Concept}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Abstract Concept}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Image Schema}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Metaphor}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Event}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Word}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Story}}<br /> <br /> from Michael Sinding 2011 pp 239-257<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Substance}} vs {{ImageSchema|Surface}}<br /> * kinds of {{ImageSchema|Process}} {{ImageSchema|Vessel}}<br /> *: {{ImageSchema|Inflation}} vs {{ImageSchema|Deflation}}<br /> <br /> * {{ImageSchema|Lexical Items}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Concrete Images}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Concrete Events}}<br /> <br /> from Don Freeman (1999) {{ImageSchema|Dynamic Image Schema}} amalgam of {{ImageSchema|Container}} and {{ImageSchema|Link}}s and {{ImageSchema|Path}} provide a three stage progression in &#039;&#039;Antony and Cleopatra&#039;&#039; over figurative language imagery, plot, stage, offstage, business, and character.<br /> <br /> * {{ImageSchema|Surface}} vs {{ImageSchema|Depth}} in {{ImageSchema|Surface_Depth}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Part}} vs {{ImageSchema|Whole}} in {{ImageSchema|Part_Whole}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Sequence}} vs {{ImageSchema|Causality}}<br /> *: (DJW vs {{ImageSchema|Coincidence}} )<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Event}} vs {{ImageSchema|Scene}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Vertical Displacement}} <br /> <br /> Relations between two metaphor systems are contrast/complementation vs coherence.<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Up}} vs {{ImageSchema|Down}} is a {{ImageSchema|Vertical Scale}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Gaseous Substance}} {{ImageSchema|Liquid Substance}} and {{ImageSchema|Solid Substance}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Inflation}} deforms a {{ImageSchema|Container}}<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Spatial Schema}}s {{ImageSchema|Temporal_Schema}}s =<br /> Image Schematic Components hierarchy based on specific or complexity ( Mandler and Canovas 2014)<br /> <br /> 1) Spatial primitives first building blocs to understand perception<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Path}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Containment}}<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Container}} (exterior)<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Boundary}} (surface)<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Contents}} (Interior)<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Thing}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Contact}}<br /> <br /> 2) Image Schemas : representation of simple spatial events using spatial primitives<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Path of Thing}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Thing into Container}}<br /> <br /> 3) Schematic integrations - including non-spatial elements: emotions, non-spatial perception<br /> <br /> == Space Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Space}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Location}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Up_Down}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Up}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Down}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Front_Back}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Front}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Back}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Left_Right}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Left}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Right}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Near_Far}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Near}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Far}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Verticality}},<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Center_Periphery}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Center}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Periphery}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Straight}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Contact}}<br /> <br /> == Force Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Force}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Compulsion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Blockage}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Diversion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Counterforce}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Restraint}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Resistance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Attraction}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Enablement}}<br /> <br /> == Contain Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Containment}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Container}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Content}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|In_Out}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|In}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Out}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Surface}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Separator}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Full-Empty}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Full}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Empty}})<br /> <br /> == Movement Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Locomotion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Momentum}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Path}}<br /> <br /> == Balance Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Axis Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Twin-Pan Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Point Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Equilibrium}}<br /> <br /> == Object Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Identity}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Matching}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Superimposition}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Existence}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Removal}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Bounded space}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Cycle}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Object}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Process}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Agent}}<br /> <br /> == Multiple Objects ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Multiplicity}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Merging}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Collection}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Splitting}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Iteration}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Part_Whole}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Part}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Whole}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Linkage}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Count-Mass}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Count}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Mass}})<br /> <br /> <br /> {{subpages-name}}</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Image_Schema&diff=2015 2023-02-09T19:59:08Z

<p>DavidWhitten: /* definitions */</p> <hr /> <div>= web links =<br /> <br /> https://d-nb.info/121996610X/34<br /> <br /> = definitions =<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: (1987 xiv) An image schema is a recurring, dynamic pattern of our perceptual interactions and motor <br /> programs that gives coherence and structure to our experience.<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: &quot;structure indefinitely many perceptions, images, and events&quot;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: (1987) emerge as meaningful structures for us chiefly at the level of our bodily movements through space, our manipulations of objects, and our perceptual interaction<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Lakoff and Turner, 1989: 97&#039;&#039;&#039; thus when we understand a scene, we naturally structure it in terms of such elementary image-schemas&quot;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Lakoff and Turner, 1980, Ch 9, 15-17&#039;&#039;&#039; : image schema allow metaphors to cohere and be structured. <br /> Metaphors may cohere if their source domains are special cases of a more general one. <br /> <br /> Image schema is a notion that first appears in the works of M. Johnson and G. Lakoff in the 1980s. The scholars speak of a close connection between image schemas and the bodily experience that a person acquires in the process of interaction with the world around. Image schemas present notions schematically, reflecting the [[shape of an object]], its location, the [[trajectory of movement]] etc.<br /> <br /> Many concepts and everyday expressions can be presented as image schemas. [[M. Johnson]] and G. Lakoff single out a number of basic image schemas. Here are some examples:<br /> <br /> 1. [[Container]]. Every day we come across a great number of containers in the broadest sense: we inhale air [[INTO]] our lungs and exhale it [[OUT OF]] them (that is, our lungs are in fact containers for air), every morning we squeeze toothpaste OUT OF the tube, and after that pour coffee INTO a cup ([[Johnson]]). On the basis of this bodily experience an image schema of container is formed in our mind. The parts of the schema are borders, which divide the outside from the inside (Lakoff). There are a lot of expressions and metaphors that are based on this idea. For instance, the English expression “to be in love” can be seen in the following way: love is a container, and the person is inside this container. We can also think of a Russian expression “уйти с головой в работу” (to immerse oneself in the work). Here work can also be seen as a container with this very workaholic inside it.<br /> <br /> 2. [[Part-whole]]. We can find the relations between a part and the whole everywhere. We speak of body parts, military units, about faculties that are parts of a single educational institution. The elements of this image schema are parts, the whole and their configurations (Lakoff). Numerous metaphors are based on this image schema. As a vivid example, we can think of the idea of family in Russian culture, where the husband is seen as the head and the wife – as the neck, and together they form a whole, with the marriage as the basis for this unity: bride and groom become man and wife, they become parts of a single organism – a family. The divorce is in its turn regarded as a reverse process, when a family as a whole splits in two parts. This conceptualization of divorce is reflected in one of its names: “splitting up”, which literally means “division” (Lakoff).<br /> <br /> 3. [[Source-path-goal]]. Whenever we go, we depart from a starting point, make a journey, and in the end reach the goal. As the main components of this image schema we can single out the starting and the ending point, the path and the direction ([[Lakoff]]). The classical example of this image schema is “to go a long way towards” fame/success, which exists both in English and Russian (“проделать долгий путь к чему-либо”). In this case the beginning of the career is the starting point, the fame is the ending point, the direction is the direction towards success, and the way is all the stages that a person has to go through before reaching their aim.<br /> <br /> [[M. Johnson]] and [[G. Lakoff]] also give examples of other image schemas: “[[connection]]”, “[[centre-periphery]]”, “[[up-down]]” etc. The meaning of prepositions, different notions of grammar are also described through image schemas. The idea has found further development in the works of many authors ([[J. M. Mandler]], [[C. P. Cánovas]], [[R. W. Gibbs]]), who write about their different characteristics and spheres of application.<br /> <br /> Рекомендуемая литература<br /> <br /> : [[Johnson M.]], The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason. – Chicago – London: The University of Chicago Press, 1990.<br /> <br /> : [[Lakoff G.]] Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.<br /> <br /> : [[Mandler J. M.]], [[Cánovas C. P.]] On defining image schemas // On Language and Cognition, UK Cognitive Linguistics Association, 2004. – Vol. 6. – P. 510–532.<br /> <br /> = examples =<br /> specialized forms of <br /> {{Metaphor|LIFE AS CYCLE}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS JOURNEY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS DAY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS YEAR}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FLAME}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FIRE}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS PRECIOUS POSSESSION}}<br /> <br /> Life is a frequent target domain of metaphors. According to the relevant literature, 24 possible metaphorical source domains of life can be found (e.g.<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS ADVENTURE}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FIRE}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS LIQUID}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS HISTORY}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS GAMBLING GAME}} etc.).<br /> <br /> <br /> specialized forms of {{Metaphor|LIFE AS WAXING AND WANING CYCLE OF HEAT AND LIGHT}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS DAY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS YEAR}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FLAME}}<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Oakley&#039;&#039;&#039;: (2006)...a condensed re-description of perceptual experience for the purpose of mapping spatial structure onto conceptual structure.<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Hampe&#039;&#039;&#039; [2005], is that image schemas are “...directly meaningful (“experiential”/“embodied”), pre-conceptual structures, which arise from or are grounded in human recurrent bodily movements through space, perceptual interactions and ways of manipulating objects”. Further, she points out that it follows that they are highly schematic {{ImageSchema|Gestalts}} that capture the structural contours of sensory-motor experience, integrating information from multiple modalities and exist as continuous and analogue patterns beneath conscious awareness, prior to and independently of other concepts; and are both internally structured and highly flexible.<br /> Image schemas are integrally tied to perception and motor function, but serve as the bridge to higher-level cognition.<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Michael Sinding&#039;&#039;&#039; Image schemas are simple, skeletal spatial relations concepts with a small number of parts and relations<br /> <br /> = Problems with Literature describing Image Schema = <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Definitions&#039;&#039;&#039; don&#039;t provide individuation criteria <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Structure Problem&#039;&#039;&#039; : difficult to identify what constructs qualify to be defined by an image schema as similar structures are under the same image schema<br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Categorisation Problem&#039;&#039;&#039; : difficult to determine which image schema a particular construct belongs to. <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Static vs Dynamic&#039;&#039;&#039; Problem<br /> * [[Maria M. Hedblom]], [[O. Kutz]], [[R. Peñaloza]] , [[G. Guizzardi]] static forms (e.g. Link, Containment and Center Periphery) and in dynamic, temporally-dependent forms (e.g. Linked Path, Going In and Revolving Movement) <br /> *: Bennett and Cialone list eight kinds of static {{ImageSchema|Containment}} not including {{ImageSchema|In}} and {{ImageSchema|Out}}<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema Categories}} =<br /> In general, {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema}}s ({{ImageSchema|Static}}) fall into one of these categories: {{ImageSchema|Orientational}}, {{ImageSchema|Topological}}, and {{ImageSchema|Forcedynamic}}. <br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Orientational}} ==<br /> it specifies an orientation in space relative to the gravitational pull one feels on one’s body. Usually a human orientation<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Above}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Below}} ===<br /> <br /> === {{ImageSchema|Up}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Down}} ===<br /> <br /> === {{ImageSchema|Center}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Periphery}} ===<br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Topological}} ==<br /> there are a number of topological schemas : <br /> <br /> * a {{ImageSchema|Topological schema}} of {{ImageSchema|Contact}} indicates an absence of a gap.<br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Forcedynamic}} ==<br /> there are several schemas that are forcedynamic in nature;<br /> it indicates the direction and nature of a {{ImageSchema|Force}}<br /> * in the {{ImageSchema|Support}} {{ImageSchema|Support Force}} {{ImageSchema|Balance|balance}} to allow the {{ImageSchema|Supportee|supportee}} to stay on the {{ImageSchema|Surface|surface}} of the {{ImageSchema|Supporter}}.<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Dynamic Image Schema Categories}} =<br /> shaped by culture and context (Hampe et al. 2005)<br /> <br /> from Gibbs and Steen (1999) and Hampe (2005) <br /> : {{ImageSchema|Concrete Concept}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Abstract Concept}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Image Schema}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Metaphor}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Event}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Word}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Story}}<br /> <br /> from Michael Sinding 2011 pp 239-257<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Substance}} vs {{ImageSchema|Surface}}<br /> * kinds of {{ImageSchema|Process}} {{ImageSchema|Vessel}}<br /> *: {{ImageSchema|Inflation}} vs {{ImageSchema|Deflation}}<br /> <br /> * {{ImageSchema|Lexical Items}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Concrete Images}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Concrete Events}}<br /> <br /> from Don Freeman (1999) {{ImageSchema|Dynamic Image Schema}} amalgam of {{ImageSchema|Container}} and {{ImageSchema|Link}}s and {{ImageSchema|Path}} provide a three stage progression in &#039;&#039;Antony and Cleopatra&#039;&#039; over figurative language imagery, plot, stage, offstage, business, and character.<br /> <br /> * {{ImageSchema|Surface}} vs {{ImageSchema|Depth}} in {{ImageSchema|Surface_Depth}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Part}} vs {{ImageSchema|Whole}} in {{ImageSchema|Part_Whole}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Sequence}} vs {{ImageSchema|Causality}}<br /> *: (DJW vs {{ImageSchema|Coincidence}} )<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Event}} vs {{ImageSchema|Scene}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Vertical Displacement}} <br /> <br /> Relations between two metaphor systems are contrast/complementation vs coherence.<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Up}} vs {{ImageSchema|Down}} is a {{ImageSchema|Vertical Scale}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Gaseous Substance}} {{ImageSchema|Liquid Substance}} and {{ImageSchema|Solid Substance}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Inflation}} deforms a {{ImageSchema|Container}}<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Spatial Schema}}s {{ImageSchema|Temporal_Schema}}s =<br /> Image Schematic Components hierarchy based on specific or complexity ( Mandler and Canovas 2014)<br /> <br /> 1) Spatial primitives first building blocs to understand perception<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Path}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Containment}}<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Container}} (exterior)<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Boundary}} (surface)<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Contents}} (Interior)<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Thing}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Contact}}<br /> <br /> 2) Image Schemas : representation of simple spatial events using spatial primitives<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Path of Thing}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Thing into Container}}<br /> <br /> 3) Schematic integrations - including non-spatial elements: emotions, non-spatial perception<br /> <br /> == Space Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Space}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Location}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Up_Down}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Up}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Down}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Front_Back}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Front}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Back}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Left_Right}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Left}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Right}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Near_Far}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Near}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Far}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Verticality}},<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Center_Periphery}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Center}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Periphery}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Straight}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Contact}}<br /> <br /> == Force Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Force}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Compulsion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Blockage}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Diversion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Counterforce}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Restraint}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Resistance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Attraction}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Enablement}}<br /> <br /> == Contain Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Containment}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Container}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Content}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|In_Out}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|In}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Out}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Surface}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Separator}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Full-Empty}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Full}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Empty}})<br /> <br /> == Movement Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Locomotion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Momentum}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Path}}<br /> <br /> == Balance Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Axis Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Twin-Pan Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Point Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Equilibrium}}<br /> <br /> == Object Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Identity}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Matching}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Superimposition}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Existence}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Removal}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Bounded space}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Cycle}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Object}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Process}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Agent}}<br /> <br /> == Multiple Objects ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Multiplicity}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Merging}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Collection}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Splitting}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Iteration}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Part_Whole}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Part}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Whole}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Linkage}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Count-Mass}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Count}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Mass}})<br /> <br /> <br /> {{subpages-name}}</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Research/Image_Schemas&diff=2014 2022-11-28T23:35:45Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>= References =<br /> There is a dissertation about Image Schemas at https://d-nb.info/121996610X/34<br /> <br /> They are preverbal and while language and reasoning build from<br /> them, they are not in themselves learned from language. While<br /> there are discussions on which concepts should be included in the<br /> term image schema, a common restriction is to describe them as the<br /> generic spatiotemporal relationships 4 learned from the repeated in-<br /> teraction and perception with and of the environment and the objects<br /> therein. <br /> <br /> From: 5 Ming-yu Tseng. Exploring image schemas as a critical concept : Toward a critical-cognitive linguistic account of image-schematic interactions. Journal of literary semantics, 36:135–157, 2007 <br /> <br /> https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249941358_Exploring_image_schemas_as_a_critical_concept_Toward_a_critical-cognitive_linguistic_account_of_image-schematic_interactions<br /> <br /> <br /> The first pertinent distinction is that image schemas can be<br /> schemas or which notions are image-schematic to begin with, some common examples are Containment, Support and Link (see Figure 2.1). Despite working on the topic of introducing novel image- schematic concepts and how to structure them, no concrete stand on which image schemas that should be counted into a canon of image schemas is made. Instead, conventions from the literature are used where already introduced image schemas and their primitives are written with small caps, spatial and conceptual primitives that are still up for general agreement are written in simple lower case. The only exception where novel image schemas are written with small caps are those that can be provided with empirical support.<br /> both static and dynamic<br /> While there is currently no consensus on the number of image<br /> <br /> <br /> = List of [[ImageSchema]]s =<br /> == {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema Categories}} ==<br /> ==== [[Image_Schema/Orientational]] ====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Above ====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Below ==== space concepts involving IN-OUT, UP- DOWN, FAR-NEAR, CONTACT, CENTER-PERIPHERY, etc., whether they are prepositions (e.g. “in”, “on”), adverbs (e.g. “up”, “down”), nouns (e.g. “center”, “core”, “margin”), adjectives (e.g. “far”, “adjacent”), or verbs (e.g. “touch”, “connect”, “fall”). <br /> ==== Image_Schema/Up ====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Down ====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Center====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Periphery ====<br /> === Image_Schema/Topological====<br /> === Image_Schema/Forcedynamic<br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Dynamic Image Schema Categories}} ==<br /> === Image_Schema/Spatial Schemas Image_Schema/Temporal_Schemas<br /> ==== Space Image Schemas ====<br /> ==== Force Image Schemas ====<br /> ==== Contain Image Schemas ====<br /> ==== Movement Schemas ====<br /> ==== Balance Schemas ====<br /> ==== Object Image Schemas ====<br /> ==== Multiple Objects ====</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Research/Image_Schemas&diff=2013 2022-11-28T23:33:55Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>= References =<br /> There is a dissertation about Image Schemas at https://d-nb.info/121996610X/34<br /> <br /> They are preverbal and while language and reasoning build from<br /> them, they are not in themselves learned from language. While<br /> there are discussions on which concepts should be included in the<br /> term image schema, a common restriction is to describe them as the<br /> generic spatiotemporal relationships 4 learned from the repeated in-<br /> teraction and perception with and of the environment and the objects<br /> therein. <br /> <br /> From: 5 Ming-yu Tseng. Exploring image schemas as a critical concept : Toward a critical-cognitive linguistic account of image-schematic interactions. Journal of literary semantics, 36:135–157, 2007 <br /> <br /> https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249941358_Exploring_image_schemas_as_a_critical_concept_Toward_a_critical-cognitive_linguistic_account_of_image-schematic_interactions<br /> <br /> <br /> The first pertinent distinction is that image schemas can be<br /> schemas or which notions are image-schematic to begin with, some common examples are Containment, Support and Link (see Figure 2.1). Despite working on the topic of introducing novel image- schematic concepts and how to structure them, no concrete stand on which image schemas that should be counted into a canon of image schemas is made. Instead, conventions from the literature are used where already introduced image schemas and their primitives are written with small caps, spatial and conceptual primitives that are still up for general agreement are written in simple lower case. The only exception where novel image schemas are written with small caps are those that can be provided with empirical support.<br /> both static and dynamic<br /> While there is currently no consensus on the number of image<br /> <br /> <br /> = List of [[ImageSchema]]s =<br /> == {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema Categories}} ==<br /> ==== [[Image_Schema/Orientational]] ====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Above ====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Below ==== space concepts involving IN-OUT, UP- DOWN, FAR-NEAR, CONTACT, CENTER-PERIPHERY, etc., whether they are prepositions (e.g. “in”, “on”), adverbs (e.g. “up”, “down”), nouns (e.g. “center”, “core”, “margin”), adjectives (e.g. “far”, “adjacent”), or verbs (e.g. “touch”, “connect”, “fall”). <br /> ==== Image_Schema/Up ====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Down ====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Center====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Periphery ====<br /> === Image_Schema/Topological====<br /> === Image_Schema/Forcedynamic<br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema| Dynamic Image Schema Categories}} ==<br /> === Image_Schema/Spatial Schemas Image_Schema/Temporal_Schemas<br /> ==== Space Image Schemas ====<br /> 6.2 Force Image Schemas<br /> 6.3 Contain Image Schemas<br /> 6.4 Movement Schemas<br /> ==== Balance Schemas ====<br /> ==== Object Image Schemas ====<br /> ==== Multiple Objects ====</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Research/Image_Schemas&diff=2012 2022-11-28T23:31:18Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>= References =<br /> There is a dissertation about Image Schemas at https://d-nb.info/121996610X/34<br /> <br /> They are preverbal and while language and reasoning build from<br /> them, they are not in themselves learned from language. While<br /> there are discussions on which concepts should be included in the<br /> term image schema, a common restriction is to describe them as the<br /> generic spatiotemporal relationships 4 learned from the repeated in-<br /> teraction and perception with and of the environment and the objects<br /> therein. <br /> <br /> From: 5 Ming-yu Tseng. Exploring image schemas as a critical concept : Toward a critical-cognitive linguistic account of image-schematic interactions. Journal of literary semantics, 36:135–157, 2007 <br /> <br /> https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249941358_Exploring_image_schemas_as_a_critical_concept_Toward_a_critical-cognitive_linguistic_account_of_image-schematic_interactions<br /> <br /> <br /> The first pertinent distinction is that image schemas can be<br /> schemas or which notions are image-schematic to begin with, some common examples are Containment, Support and Link (see Figure 2.1). Despite working on the topic of introducing novel image- schematic concepts and how to structure them, no concrete stand on which image schemas that should be counted into a canon of image schemas is made. Instead, conventions from the literature are used where already introduced image schemas and their primitives are written with small caps, spatial and conceptual primitives that are still up for general agreement are written in simple lower case. The only exception where novel image schemas are written with small caps are those that can be provided with empirical support.<br /> both static and dynamic<br /> While there is currently no consensus on the number of image<br /> .<br /> <br /> == List of [[ImageSchema]]s ==<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema Categories}} ===<br /> ==== [[Image_Schema/Orientational]] ====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Above ====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Below ==== space concepts involving IN-OUT, UP- DOWN, FAR-NEAR, CONTACT, CENTER-PERIPHERY, etc., whether they are prepositions (e.g. “in”, “on”), adverbs (e.g. “up”, “down”), nouns (e.g. “center”, “core”, “margin”), adjectives (e.g. “far”, “adjacent”), or verbs (e.g. “touch”, “connect”, “fall”). <br /> ==== Image_Schema/Up ====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Down ====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Center====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Periphery ====<br /> === Image_Schema/Topological====<br /> === Image_Schema/Forcedynamic<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Dynamic Image Schema Categories ====<br /> === Image_Schema/Spatial Schemas Image_Schema/Temporal_Schemas<br /> ==== Space Image Schemas ====<br /> 6.2 Force Image Schemas<br /> 6.3 Contain Image Schemas<br /> 6.4 Movement Schemas<br /> ==== Balance Schemas ====<br /> ==== Object Image Schemas ====<br /> ==== Multiple Objects ====</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Research/Image_Schemas&diff=2011 2022-11-28T23:29:39Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>= References =<br /> There is a dissertation about Image Schemas at https://d-nb.info/121996610X/34<br /> <br /> They are preverbal and while language and reasoning build from<br /> them, they are not in themselves learned from language. While<br /> there are discussions on which concepts should be included in the<br /> term image schema, a common restriction is to describe them as the<br /> generic spatiotemporal relationships 4 learned from the repeated in-<br /> teraction and perception with and of the environment and the objects<br /> therein. <br /> <br /> From: 5 Ming-yu Tseng. Exploring image schemas as a critical concept : Toward a critical-cognitive linguistic account of image-schematic interactions. Journal of literary semantics, 36:135–157, 2007 <br /> <br /> https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249941358_Exploring_image_schemas_as_a_critical_concept_Toward_a_critical-cognitive_linguistic_account_of_image-schematic_interactions<br /> <br /> <br /> The first pertinent distinction is that image schemas can be<br /> schemas or which notions are image-schematic to begin with, some common examples are Containment, Support and Link (see Figure 2.1). Despite working on the topic of introducing novel image- schematic concepts and how to structure them, no concrete stand on which image schemas that should be counted into a canon of image schemas is made. Instead, conventions from the literature are used where already introduced image schemas and their primitives are written with small caps, spatial and conceptual primitives that are still up for general agreement are written in simple lower case. The only exception where novel image schemas are written with small caps are those that can be provided with empirical support.<br /> both static and dynamic<br /> While there is currently no consensus on the number of image<br /> .<br /> <br /> == List of [[ImageSchema]]s ==<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema Categories}} ===<br /> ==== [[Image_Schema/Orientational]] ====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Above ====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Below ==== space concepts involving IN-OUT, UP- DOWN, FAR-NEAR, CONTACT, CENTER-PERIPHERY, etc., whether they are prepositions (e.g. “in”, “on”), adverbs (e.g. “up”, “down”), nouns (e.g. “center”, “core”, “margin”), adjectives (e.g. “far”, “adjacent”), or verbs (e.g. “touch”, “connect”, “fall”). <br /> ==== Image_Schema/Up ====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Down ====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Center====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Periphery ====<br /> === Image_Schema/Topological====<br /> === Image_Schema/Forcedynamic<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Dynamic Image Schema Categories ====<br /> === Image_Schema/Spatial Schemas Image_Schema/Temporal_Schemas<br /> ==== Space Image Schemas ====<br /> 6.2 Force Image Schemas<br /> 6.3 Contain Image Schemas<br /> 6.4 Movement Schemas<br /> 6.5 Balance Schemas<br /> 6.6 Object Image Schemas<br /> 6.7 Multiple Objects</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Image_Schema/Orientational&diff=2010 2022-11-28T23:25:50Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>== Up: [[Image Schema]] This : {{ImageSchema|Orientational}} ==<br /> <br /> space concepts involving IN-OUT, UP- DOWN, FAR-NEAR, CONTACT, CENTER-PERIPHERY, etc., whether they are prepositions (e.g. “in”, “on”), adverbs (e.g. “up”, “down”), nouns (e.g. “center”, “core”, “margin”), adjectives (e.g. “far”, “adjacent”), or verbs (e.g. “touch”, “connect”, “fall”). <br /> <br /> * [[Image Schema/Above]]<br /> * [[Image Schema/Below]]<br /> * [[Image Schema/Down]]<br /> * [[Image Schema/Up]]<br /> * [[Image Schema/Center]]<br /> * [[Image Schema/Periphery]]<br /> [[Category:Image_Schema/Orientational]]</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Research/Image_Schemas&diff=2009 2022-11-28T21:55:21Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>= References =<br /> There is a dissertation about Image Schemas at https://d-nb.info/121996610X/34<br /> <br /> They are preverbal and while language and reasoning build from<br /> them, they are not in themselves learned from language. While<br /> there are discussions on which concepts should be included in the<br /> term image schema, a common restriction is to describe them as the<br /> generic spatiotemporal relationships 4 learned from the repeated in-<br /> teraction and perception with and of the environment and the objects<br /> therein. <br /> From: 5 Ming-yu Tseng. Exploring image schemas as a critical concept : Toward a critical-cognitive linguistic account of image-schematic interactions. Journal of literary semantics, 36:135–157, 2007 <br /> <br /> https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249941358_Exploring_image_schemas_as_a_critical_concept_Toward_a_critical-cognitive_linguistic_account_of_image-schematic_interactions<br /> <br /> <br /> The first pertinent distinction is that image schemas can be<br /> schemas or which notions are image-schematic to begin with, some common examples are Containment, Support and Link (see Figure 2.1). Despite working on the topic of introducing novel image- schematic concepts and how to structure them, no concrete stand on which image schemas that should be counted into a canon of image schemas is made. Instead, conventions from the literature are used where already introduced image schemas and their primitives are written with small caps, spatial and conceptual primitives that are still up for general agreement are written in simple lower case. The only exception where novel image schemas are written with small caps are those that can be provided with empirical support.<br /> both static and dynamic<br /> While there is currently no consensus on the number of image<br /> .<br /> <br /> == List of [[ImageSchema]]s<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema Categories}} ===<br /> ==== [[Image_Schema/Orientational]] ====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Above ====<br /> 4.1.2 Image_Schema/Below<br /> 4.1.3 Image_Schema/Up<br /> 4.1.4 Image_Schema/Down<br /> 4.1.5 Image_Schema/Center<br /> 4.1.6 Image_Schema/Periphery<br /> 4.2 Image_Schema/Topological<br /> 4.3 Image_Schema/Forcedynamic<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Dynamic Image Schema Categories ====<br /> 6 Image_Schema/Spatial Schemas Image_Schema/Temporal_Schemas<br /> 6.1 Space Image Schemas<br /> 6.2 Force Image Schemas<br /> 6.3 Contain Image Schemas<br /> 6.4 Movement Schemas<br /> 6.5 Balance Schemas<br /> 6.6 Object Image Schemas<br /> 6.7 Multiple Objects</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Research/Image_Schemas&diff=2008 2022-11-28T21:50:39Z

<p>DavidWhitten: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>= References =<br /> There is a dissertation about Image Schemas at https://d-nb.info/121996610X/34<br /> <br /> They are preverbal and while language and reasoning build from<br /> them, they are not in themselves learned from language. While<br /> there are discussions on which concepts should be included in the<br /> term image schema, a common restriction is to describe them as the<br /> generic spatiotemporal relationships 4 learned from the repeated in-<br /> teraction and perception with and of the environment and the objects<br /> therein. <br /> From: 5 Ming-yu Tseng. Exploring image schemas as a critical concept : Toward a critical-cognitive linguistic account of image-schematic interactions. Journal of literary semantics, 36:135–157, 2007<br /> <br /> <br /> The first pertinent distinction is that image schemas can be<br /> schemas or which notions are image-schematic to begin with, some common examples are Containment, Support and Link (see Figure 2.1). Despite working on the topic of introducing novel image- schematic concepts and how to structure them, no concrete stand on which image schemas that should be counted into a canon of image schemas is made. Instead, conventions from the literature are used where already introduced image schemas and their primitives are written with small caps, spatial and conceptual primitives that are still up for general agreement are written in simple lower case. The only exception where novel image schemas are written with small caps are those that can be provided with empirical support.<br /> both static and dynamic<br /> While there is currently no consensus on the number of image<br /> .<br /> <br /> == List of [[ImageSchema]]s<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema Categories}} ===<br /> ==== [[Image_Schema/Orientational]] ====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Above ====<br /> 4.1.2 Image_Schema/Below<br /> 4.1.3 Image_Schema/Up<br /> 4.1.4 Image_Schema/Down<br /> 4.1.5 Image_Schema/Center<br /> 4.1.6 Image_Schema/Periphery<br /> 4.2 Image_Schema/Topological<br /> 4.3 Image_Schema/Forcedynamic<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Dynamic Image Schema Categories ====<br /> 6 Image_Schema/Spatial Schemas Image_Schema/Temporal_Schemas<br /> 6.1 Space Image Schemas<br /> 6.2 Force Image Schemas<br /> 6.3 Contain Image Schemas<br /> 6.4 Movement Schemas<br /> 6.5 Balance Schemas<br /> 6.6 Object Image Schemas<br /> 6.7 Multiple Objects</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Research/Image_Schemas&diff=2007 2022-11-28T21:48:06Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>= References =<br /> There is a dissertation about Image Schemas at https://d-nb.info/121996610X/34<br /> <br /> They are preverbal and while language and reasoning build from<br /> them, they are not in themselves learned from language. While<br /> there are discussions on which concepts should be included in the<br /> term image schema, a common restriction is to describe them as the<br /> generic spatiotemporal relationships 4 learned from the repeated in-<br /> teraction and perception with and of the environment and the objects<br /> therein. <br /> The first pertinent distinction is that image schemas can be<br /> schemas or which notions are image-schematic to begin with, some common examples are Containment, Support and Link (see Figure 2.1). Despite working on the topic of introducing novel image- schematic concepts and how to structure them, no concrete stand on which image schemas that should be counted into a canon of image schemas is made. Instead, conventions from the literature are used where already introduced image schemas and their primitives are written with small caps, spatial and conceptual primitives that are still up for general agreement are written in simple lower case. The only exception where novel image schemas are written with small caps are those that can be provided with empirical support.<br /> both static and dynamic<br /> While there is currently no consensus on the number of image<br /> .<br /> <br /> == List of [[ImageSchema]]s<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema Categories}} ===<br /> ==== [[Image_Schema/Orientational]] ====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Above ====<br /> 4.1.2 Image_Schema/Below<br /> 4.1.3 Image_Schema/Up<br /> 4.1.4 Image_Schema/Down<br /> 4.1.5 Image_Schema/Center<br /> 4.1.6 Image_Schema/Periphery<br /> 4.2 Image_Schema/Topological<br /> 4.3 Image_Schema/Forcedynamic<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Dynamic Image Schema Categories ====<br /> 6 Image_Schema/Spatial Schemas Image_Schema/Temporal_Schemas<br /> 6.1 Space Image Schemas<br /> 6.2 Force Image Schemas<br /> 6.3 Contain Image Schemas<br /> 6.4 Movement Schemas<br /> 6.5 Balance Schemas<br /> 6.6 Object Image Schemas<br /> 6.7 Multiple Objects</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Research/Image_Schemas&diff=2006 2022-11-28T21:36:57Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>There is a dissertation about Image Schemas at https://d-nb.info/121996610X/34<br /> <br /> == List of [[ImageSchema]]s<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema Categories}} ===<br /> ==== [[Image_Schema/Orientational]] ====<br /> ==== Image_Schema/Above ====<br /> 4.1.2 Image_Schema/Below<br /> 4.1.3 Image_Schema/Up<br /> 4.1.4 Image_Schema/Down<br /> 4.1.5 Image_Schema/Center<br /> 4.1.6 Image_Schema/Periphery<br /> 4.2 Image_Schema/Topological<br /> 4.3 Image_Schema/Forcedynamic<br /> 5 Image_Schema/Dynamic Image Schema Categories<br /> 6 Image_Schema/Spatial Schemas Image_Schema/Temporal_Schemas<br /> 6.1 Space Image Schemas<br /> 6.2 Force Image Schemas<br /> 6.3 Contain Image Schemas<br /> 6.4 Movement Schemas<br /> 6.5 Balance Schemas<br /> 6.6 Object Image Schemas<br /> 6.7 Multiple Objects</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Research/Image_Schemas&diff=2005 2022-11-28T21:30:24Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>There is a dissertation about Image Schemas at https://d-nb.info/121996610X/34<br /> <br /> == List of [[ImageSchema]]s<br /> === [[Image_Schema/Static <br /> === [[Image Schema Categories]]<br /> ==== [[Image_Schema/Orientational]] ====<br /> 4.1.1 Image_Schema/Above<br /> 4.1.2 Image_Schema/Below<br /> 4.1.3 Image_Schema/Up<br /> 4.1.4 Image_Schema/Down<br /> 4.1.5 Image_Schema/Center<br /> 4.1.6 Image_Schema/Periphery<br /> 4.2 Image_Schema/Topological<br /> 4.3 Image_Schema/Forcedynamic<br /> 5 Image_Schema/Dynamic Image Schema Categories<br /> 6 Image_Schema/Spatial Schemas Image_Schema/Temporal_Schemas<br /> 6.1 Space Image Schemas<br /> 6.2 Force Image Schemas<br /> 6.3 Contain Image Schemas<br /> 6.4 Movement Schemas<br /> 6.5 Balance Schemas<br /> 6.6 Object Image Schemas<br /> 6.7 Multiple Objects</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Research/Image_Schemas&diff=2004 2022-11-28T21:28:15Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>There is a dissertation about Image Schemas at https://d-nb.info/121996610X/34<br /> <br /> List of [[ImageSchema]]<br /> * <br /> * <br /> * <br /> * <br /> * <br /> *<br /> 4 Image_Schema/Static Image Schema Categories<br /> 4.1 Image_Schema/Orientational<br /> 4.1.1 Image_Schema/Above<br /> 4.1.2 Image_Schema/Below<br /> 4.1.3 Image_Schema/Up<br /> 4.1.4 Image_Schema/Down<br /> 4.1.5 Image_Schema/Center<br /> 4.1.6 Image_Schema/Periphery<br /> 4.2 Image_Schema/Topological<br /> 4.3 Image_Schema/Forcedynamic<br /> 5 Image_Schema/Dynamic Image Schema Categories<br /> 6 Image_Schema/Spatial Schemas Image_Schema/Temporal_Schemas<br /> 6.1 Space Image Schemas<br /> 6.2 Force Image Schemas<br /> 6.3 Contain Image Schemas<br /> 6.4 Movement Schemas<br /> 6.5 Balance Schemas<br /> 6.6 Object Image Schemas<br /> 6.7 Multiple Objects</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Research/Image_Schemas&diff=2003 2022-11-28T21:22:17Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>There is a dissertation about Image Schemas at https://d-nb.info/121996610X/34<br /> <br /> List of [[ImageSchema]]<br /> * <br /> * <br /> * <br /> * <br /> * <br /> *</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Research/Image_Schemas&diff=2002 2022-11-28T21:20:27Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>There is a dissertation about Image Schemas at https://d-nb.info/121996610X/34<br /> <br /> List of [[ImageSchemas]]<br /> * <br /> * <br /> * <br /> * <br /> * <br /> *</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Research/Image_Schemas&diff=2001 2022-11-28T21:19:52Z

<p>DavidWhitten: Created page with &quot;There is a dissertation about Image Schemas at https://d-nb.info/121996610X/34 List of ImageSchemas * * * * * *&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>There is a dissertation about Image Schemas at https://d-nb.info/121996610X/34<br /> <br /> List of ImageSchemas<br /> * <br /> * <br /> * <br /> * <br /> * <br /> *</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Metaphor_Ascription.pdf&diff=2000 2022-11-26T19:59:40Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Image_Schema&diff=1999 2022-11-26T19:58:23Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>= web links =<br /> <br /> https://d-nb.info/121996610X/34<br /> <br /> = definitions =<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: (1987 xiv) An image schema is a recurring, dynamic pattern of our perceptual interactions and motor <br /> programs that gives coherence and structure to our experience.<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: &quot;structure indefinitely many perceptions, images, and events&quot;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: (1987) emerge as meaningful structures for us chiefly at the level of our bodily movements through space, our manipulations of objects, and our perceptual interaction<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Lakoff and Turner, 1989: 97&#039;&#039;&#039; thus when we understand a scene, we naturally structure it in terms of such elementary image-schemas&quot;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Lakoff and Turner, 1980, Ch 9, 15-17&#039;&#039;&#039; : image schema allow metaphors to cohere and be structured. <br /> Metaphors may cohere if their source domains are special cases of a more general one. <br /> specialized forms of {{Metaphor|LIFE AS CYCLE}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS JOURNEY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS DAY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS YEAR}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FLAME}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FIRE}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS PRECIOUS POSSESSION}}<br /> <br /> Life is a frequent target domain of metaphors. According to the relevant literature, 24 possible metaphorical source domains of life can be found (e.g.<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS ADVENTURE}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FIRE}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS LIQUID}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS HISTORY}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS GAMBLING GAME}} etc.).<br /> <br /> <br /> specialized forms of {{Metaphor|LIFE AS WAXING AND WANING CYCLE OF HEAT AND LIGHT}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS DAY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS YEAR}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FLAME}}<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Oakley&#039;&#039;&#039;: (2006)...a condensed re-description of perceptual experience for the purpose of mapping spatial structure onto conceptual structure.<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Hampe&#039;&#039;&#039; [2005], is that image schemas are “...directly meaningful (“experiential”/“embodied”), pre-conceptual structures, which arise from or are grounded in human recurrent bodily movements through space, perceptual interactions and ways of manipulating objects”. Further, she points out that it follows that they are highly schematic {{ImageSchema|Gestalts}} that capture the structural contours of sensory-motor experience, integrating information from multiple modalities and exist as continuous and analogue patterns beneath conscious awareness, prior to and independently of other concepts; and are both internally structured and highly flexible.<br /> Image schemas are integrally tied to perception and motor function, but serve as the bridge to higher-level cognition.<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Michael Sinding&#039;&#039;&#039; Image schemas are simple, skeletal spatial relations concepts with a small number of parts and relations<br /> <br /> = Problems with Literature describing Image Schema = <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Definitions&#039;&#039;&#039; don&#039;t provide individuation criteria <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Structure Problem&#039;&#039;&#039; : difficult to identify what constructs qualify to be defined by an image schema as similar structures are under the same image schema<br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Categorisation Problem&#039;&#039;&#039; : difficult to determine which image schema a particular construct belongs to. <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Static vs Dynamic&#039;&#039;&#039; Problem<br /> * [[Maria M. Hedblom]], [[O. Kutz]], [[R. Peñaloza]] , [[G. Guizzardi]] static forms (e.g. Link, Containment and Center Periphery) and in dynamic, temporally-dependent forms (e.g. Linked Path, Going In and Revolving Movement) <br /> *: Bennett and Cialone list eight kinds of static {{ImageSchema|Containment}} not including {{ImageSchema|In}} and {{ImageSchema|Out}}<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema Categories}} =<br /> In general, {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema}}s ({{ImageSchema|Static}}) fall into one of these categories: {{ImageSchema|Orientational}}, {{ImageSchema|Topological}}, and {{ImageSchema|Forcedynamic}}. <br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Orientational}} ==<br /> it specifies an orientation in space relative to the gravitational pull one feels on one’s body. Usually a human orientation<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Above}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Below}} ===<br /> <br /> === {{ImageSchema|Up}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Down}} ===<br /> <br /> === {{ImageSchema|Center}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Periphery}} ===<br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Topological}} ==<br /> there are a number of topological schemas : <br /> <br /> * a {{ImageSchema|Topological schema}} of {{ImageSchema|Contact}} indicates an absence of a gap.<br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Forcedynamic}} ==<br /> there are several schemas that are forcedynamic in nature;<br /> it indicates the direction and nature of a {{ImageSchema|Force}}<br /> * in the {{ImageSchema|Support}} {{ImageSchema|Support Force}} {{ImageSchema|Balance|balance}} to allow the {{ImageSchema|Supportee|supportee}} to stay on the {{ImageSchema|Surface|surface}} of the {{ImageSchema|Supporter}}.<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Dynamic Image Schema Categories}} =<br /> shaped by culture and context (Hampe et al. 2005)<br /> <br /> from Gibbs and Steen (1999) and Hampe (2005) <br /> : {{ImageSchema|Concrete Concept}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Abstract Concept}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Image Schema}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Metaphor}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Event}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Word}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Story}}<br /> <br /> from Michael Sinding 2011 pp 239-257<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Substance}} vs {{ImageSchema|Surface}}<br /> * kinds of {{ImageSchema|Process}} {{ImageSchema|Vessel}}<br /> *: {{ImageSchema|Inflation}} vs {{ImageSchema|Deflation}}<br /> <br /> * {{ImageSchema|Lexical Items}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Concrete Images}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Concrete Events}}<br /> <br /> from Don Freeman (1999) {{ImageSchema|Dynamic Image Schema}} amalgam of {{ImageSchema|Container}} and {{ImageSchema|Link}}s and {{ImageSchema|Path}} provide a three stage progression in &#039;&#039;Antony and Cleopatra&#039;&#039; over figurative language imagery, plot, stage, offstage, business, and character.<br /> <br /> * {{ImageSchema|Surface}} vs {{ImageSchema|Depth}} in {{ImageSchema|Surface_Depth}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Part}} vs {{ImageSchema|Whole}} in {{ImageSchema|Part_Whole}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Sequence}} vs {{ImageSchema|Causality}}<br /> *: (DJW vs {{ImageSchema|Coincidence}} )<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Event}} vs {{ImageSchema|Scene}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Vertical Displacement}} <br /> <br /> Relations between two metaphor systems are contrast/complementation vs coherence.<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Up}} vs {{ImageSchema|Down}} is a {{ImageSchema|Vertical Scale}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Gaseous Substance}} {{ImageSchema|Liquid Substance}} and {{ImageSchema|Solid Substance}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Inflation}} deforms a {{ImageSchema|Container}}<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Spatial Schema}}s {{ImageSchema|Temporal_Schema}}s =<br /> Image Schematic Components hierarchy based on specific or complexity ( Mandler and Canovas 2014)<br /> <br /> 1) Spatial primitives first building blocs to understand perception<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Path}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Containment}}<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Container}} (exterior)<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Boundary}} (surface)<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Contents}} (Interior)<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Thing}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Contact}}<br /> <br /> 2) Image Schemas : representation of simple spatial events using spatial primitives<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Path of Thing}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Thing into Container}}<br /> <br /> 3) Schematic integrations - including non-spatial elements: emotions, non-spatial perception<br /> <br /> == Space Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Space}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Location}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Up_Down}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Up}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Down}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Front_Back}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Front}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Back}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Left_Right}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Left}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Right}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Near_Far}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Near}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Far}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Verticality}},<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Center_Periphery}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Center}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Periphery}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Straight}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Contact}}<br /> <br /> == Force Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Force}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Compulsion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Blockage}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Diversion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Counterforce}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Restraint}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Resistance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Attraction}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Enablement}}<br /> <br /> == Contain Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Containment}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Container}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Content}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|In_Out}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|In}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Out}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Surface}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Separator}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Full-Empty}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Full}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Empty}})<br /> <br /> == Movement Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Locomotion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Momentum}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Path}}<br /> <br /> == Balance Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Axis Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Twin-Pan Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Point Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Equilibrium}}<br /> <br /> == Object Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Identity}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Matching}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Superimposition}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Existence}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Removal}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Bounded space}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Cycle}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Object}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Process}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Agent}}<br /> <br /> == Multiple Objects ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Multiplicity}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Merging}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Collection}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Splitting}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Iteration}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Part_Whole}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Part}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Whole}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Linkage}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Count-Mass}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Count}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Mass}})<br /> <br /> <br /> {{subpages-name}}</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=VIZ/Embedding_SVG_in_HTML&diff=1998 2022-11-26T16:01:07Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>== https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Adding_vector_graphics_to_the_Web ==<br /> <br /> &lt;svg width=&quot;224pt&quot; height=&quot;409pt&quot;<br /> viewBox=&quot;0.00 0.00 224.00 409.01&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot; xmlns:xlink=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;graph0&quot; class=&quot;graph&quot; transform=&quot;scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 405.0146)&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;G&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#ffffff&quot; stroke=&quot;transparent&quot; points=&quot;-4,4 -4,-405.0146 220,-405.0146 220,4 -4,4&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;clust1&quot; class=&quot;cluster&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;cluster_0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#d3d3d3&quot; stroke=&quot;#d3d3d3&quot; points=&quot;8,-64.2146 8,-357.0146 98,-357.0146 98,-64.2146 8,-64.2146&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;text text-anchor=&quot;middle&quot; x=&quot;53&quot; y=&quot;-340.4146&quot; 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class=&quot;edge&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;b2&amp;#45;&amp;gt;a3&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;path fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; d=&quot;M153.5874,-149.5082C136.258,-138.1653 110.6682,-121.4156 91.1028,-108.6092&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#000000&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;92.8724,-105.5844 82.5885,-103.0362 89.0387,-111.4413 92.8724,-105.5844&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- b2&amp;#45;&amp;gt;b3 --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;edge6&quot; class=&quot;edge&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;b2&amp;#45;&amp;gt;b3&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;path fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; d=&quot;M171.7383,-144.046C171.2035,-136.3456 170.5677,-127.1889 169.9734,-118.6312&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#000000&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;173.4632,-118.3613 169.2787,-108.6279 166.48,-118.8463 173.4632,-118.3613&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- b3&amp;#45;&amp;gt;end --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;edge13&quot; class=&quot;edge&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;b3&amp;#45;&amp;gt;end&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;path fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; d=&quot;M155.9735,-73.8523C149.6428,-65.2394 141.7225,-54.4636 134.5372,-44.6879&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#000000&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;137.2132,-42.4189 128.4705,-36.4341 131.5728,-46.5646 137.2132,-42.4189&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- start --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;node9&quot; class=&quot;node&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;start&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;115,-401.0146 75.7627,-383.0146 115,-365.0146 154.2373,-383.0146 115,-401.0146&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polyline fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;86.6698,-388.0182 86.6698,-378.011 &quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polyline fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;104.0929,-370.0182 125.9071,-370.0182 &quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polyline fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;143.3302,-378.011 143.3302,-388.0182 &quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polyline fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;125.9071,-396.011 104.0929,-396.011 &quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;text text-anchor=&quot;middle&quot; x=&quot;115&quot; y=&quot;-378.8146&quot; font-family=&quot;Times,serif&quot; font-size=&quot;14.00&quot; fill=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;start&lt;/text&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- start&amp;#45;&amp;gt;a0 --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;edge7&quot; class=&quot;edge&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;start&amp;#45;&amp;gt;a0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;path fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; d=&quot;M105.4624,-368.9283C98.3843,-358.4745 88.541,-343.9367 80.1137,-331.4901&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#000000&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;82.792,-329.2032 74.2872,-322.885 76.9957,-333.1278 82.792,-329.2032&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- start&amp;#45;&amp;gt;b0 --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;edge8&quot; class=&quot;edge&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;start&amp;#45;&amp;gt;b0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;path fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; d=&quot;M124.4753,-369.2843C131.7813,-358.6975 142.0812,-343.7724 150.8274,-331.0987&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#000000&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;153.779,-332.9837 156.5783,-322.7653 148.0178,-329.0078 153.779,-332.9837&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;/svg&gt;<br /> <br /> == example 2 ==<br /> &lt;svg<br /> version=&quot;1.1&quot;<br /> baseProfile=&quot;full&quot;<br /> width=&quot;300&quot;<br /> height=&quot;200&quot;<br /> xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;rect width=&quot;100%&quot; height=&quot;100%&quot; fill=&quot;black&quot; /&gt;<br /> &lt;circle cx=&quot;150&quot; cy=&quot;100&quot; r=&quot;90&quot; fill=&quot;blue&quot; /&gt;<br /> &lt;/svg&gt;<br /> <br /> == example 2.1 ==<br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;iframe class=&quot;sample-code-frame&quot; title=&quot;What is SVG sample&quot; id=&quot;frame_what_is_svg&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://yari-demos.prod.mdn.mozit.cloud/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Adding_vector_graphics_to_the_Web/_sample_.what_is_svg.html&quot; loading=&quot;lazy&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;<br /> &lt;img<br /> src=&quot;equilateral.svg&quot;<br /> alt=&quot;triangle with all three sides equal&quot;<br /> height=&quot;87&quot;<br /> width=&quot;100&quot; /&gt;<br /> &lt;style&gt;<br /> background: url(&quot;fallback.png&quot;) no-repeat center;<br /> background-image: url(&quot;image.svg&quot;);<br /> background-size: contain;<br /> &lt;/style&gt;<br /> &lt;/nowiki&gt;<br /> == Example 2.2 ==<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;background: url(&quot;fallback.png&quot;) no-repeat center;<br /> background-image: url(&quot;image.svg&quot;);<br /> background-size: contain;&quot;&gt;Foobar&lt;/span&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Green|BazQuux}}</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=VIZ/Embedding_SVG_in_HTML&diff=1997 2022-11-26T15:58:09Z

<p>DavidWhitten: /* example 2.1 */</p> <hr /> <div>== https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Adding_vector_graphics_to_the_Web ==<br /> <br /> &lt;svg width=&quot;224pt&quot; height=&quot;409pt&quot;<br /> viewBox=&quot;0.00 0.00 224.00 409.01&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot; xmlns:xlink=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;graph0&quot; class=&quot;graph&quot; transform=&quot;scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 405.0146)&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;G&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#ffffff&quot; stroke=&quot;transparent&quot; points=&quot;-4,4 -4,-405.0146 220,-405.0146 220,4 -4,4&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;clust1&quot; class=&quot;cluster&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;cluster_0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#d3d3d3&quot; stroke=&quot;#d3d3d3&quot; points=&quot;8,-64.2146 8,-357.0146 98,-357.0146 98,-64.2146 8,-64.2146&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;text text-anchor=&quot;middle&quot; x=&quot;53&quot; y=&quot;-340.4146&quot; font-family=&quot;Times,serif&quot; font-size=&quot;14.00&quot; fill=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;process #1&lt;/text&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;clust2&quot; class=&quot;cluster&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;cluster_1&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#0000ff&quot; points=&quot;133,-64.2146 133,-357.0146 208,-357.0146 208,-64.2146 133,-64.2146&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;text text-anchor=&quot;middle&quot; x=&quot;170.5&quot; y=&quot;-340.4146&quot; font-family=&quot;Times,serif&quot; font-size=&quot;14.00&quot; fill=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;process #2&lt;/text&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- a0 --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;node1&quot; class=&quot;node&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;a0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;ellipse fill=&quot;#ffffff&quot; stroke=&quot;#ffffff&quot; cx=&quot;63&quot; cy=&quot;-306.2146&quot; rx=&quot;27&quot; ry=&quot;18&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;text text-anchor=&quot;middle&quot; x=&quot;63&quot; y=&quot;-302.0146&quot; font-family=&quot;Times,serif&quot; font-size=&quot;14.00&quot; fill=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;a0&lt;/text&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- a1 --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;node2&quot; class=&quot;node&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;a1&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;ellipse fill=&quot;#ffffff&quot; stroke=&quot;#ffffff&quot; cx=&quot;63&quot; cy=&quot;-234.2146&quot; rx=&quot;27&quot; ry=&quot;18&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;text text-anchor=&quot;middle&quot; x=&quot;63&quot; y=&quot;-230.0146&quot; font-family=&quot;Times,serif&quot; font-size=&quot;14.00&quot; fill=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;a1&lt;/text&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- a0&amp;#45;&amp;gt;a1 --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;edge1&quot; class=&quot;edge&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;a0&amp;#45;&amp;gt;a1&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;path fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; d=&quot;M63,-288.046C63,-280.3456 63,-271.1889 63,-262.6312&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#000000&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;66.5001,-262.6278 63,-252.6279 59.5001,-262.6279 66.5001,-262.6278&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- a2 --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;node3&quot; 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cx=&quot;63&quot; cy=&quot;-90.2146&quot; rx=&quot;27&quot; ry=&quot;18&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;text text-anchor=&quot;middle&quot; x=&quot;63&quot; y=&quot;-86.0146&quot; font-family=&quot;Times,serif&quot; font-size=&quot;14.00&quot; fill=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;a3&lt;/text&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- a2&amp;#45;&amp;gt;a3 --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;edge3&quot; class=&quot;edge&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;a2&amp;#45;&amp;gt;a3&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;path fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; d=&quot;M63,-144.046C63,-136.3456 63,-127.1889 63,-118.6312&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#000000&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;66.5001,-118.6278 63,-108.6279 59.5001,-118.6279 66.5001,-118.6278&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- a3&amp;#45;&amp;gt;a0 --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;edge11&quot; class=&quot;edge&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;a3&amp;#45;&amp;gt;a0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;path fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; d=&quot;M48.8771,-105.9302C40.7465,-116.0678 31.3099,-129.9799 27,-144.2146 13.0904,-190.155 13.0904,-206.2742 27,-252.2146 30.2661,-263.0019 36.4764,-273.6038 42.8313,-282.5183&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#000000&quot; 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y=&quot;-13.9073&quot; font-family=&quot;Times,serif&quot; font-size=&quot;14.00&quot; fill=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;end&lt;/text&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- a3&amp;#45;&amp;gt;end --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;edge12&quot; class=&quot;edge&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;a3&amp;#45;&amp;gt;end&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;path fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; d=&quot;M74.7996,-73.8523C81.0108,-65.2394 88.7817,-54.4636 95.8314,-44.6879&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#000000&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;98.7733,-46.5923 101.7836,-36.4341 93.0956,-42.4979 98.7733,-46.5923&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- b0 --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;node5&quot; class=&quot;node&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;b0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;ellipse fill=&quot;#d3d3d3&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; cx=&quot;168&quot; cy=&quot;-306.2146&quot; rx=&quot;27&quot; ry=&quot;18&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;text text-anchor=&quot;middle&quot; x=&quot;168&quot; y=&quot;-302.0146&quot; font-family=&quot;Times,serif&quot; font-size=&quot;14.00&quot; fill=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;b0&lt;/text&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- b1 --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;node6&quot; class=&quot;node&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;b1&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;ellipse fill=&quot;#d3d3d3&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; cx=&quot;170&quot; cy=&quot;-234.2146&quot; rx=&quot;27&quot; ry=&quot;18&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;text text-anchor=&quot;middle&quot; x=&quot;170&quot; y=&quot;-230.0146&quot; font-family=&quot;Times,serif&quot; font-size=&quot;14.00&quot; fill=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;b1&lt;/text&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- b0&amp;#45;&amp;gt;b1 --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;edge4&quot; class=&quot;edge&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;b0&amp;#45;&amp;gt;b1&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;path fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; d=&quot;M168.5047,-288.046C168.7186,-280.3456 168.9729,-271.1889 169.2106,-262.6312&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#000000&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; 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class=&quot;edge&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;start&amp;#45;&amp;gt;b0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;path fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; d=&quot;M124.4753,-369.2843C131.7813,-358.6975 142.0812,-343.7724 150.8274,-331.0987&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#000000&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;153.779,-332.9837 156.5783,-322.7653 148.0178,-329.0078 153.779,-332.9837&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;/svg&gt;<br /> <br /> == example 2 ==<br /> &lt;svg<br /> version=&quot;1.1&quot;<br /> baseProfile=&quot;full&quot;<br /> width=&quot;300&quot;<br /> height=&quot;200&quot;<br /> xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;rect width=&quot;100%&quot; height=&quot;100%&quot; fill=&quot;black&quot; /&gt;<br /> &lt;circle cx=&quot;150&quot; cy=&quot;100&quot; r=&quot;90&quot; fill=&quot;blue&quot; /&gt;<br /> &lt;/svg&gt;<br /> <br /> == example 2.1 ==<br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;iframe class=&quot;sample-code-frame&quot; title=&quot;What is SVG sample&quot; id=&quot;frame_what_is_svg&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://yari-demos.prod.mdn.mozit.cloud/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Adding_vector_graphics_to_the_Web/_sample_.what_is_svg.html&quot; loading=&quot;lazy&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;<br /> &lt;img<br /> src=&quot;equilateral.svg&quot;<br /> alt=&quot;triangle with all three sides equal&quot;<br /> height=&quot;87&quot;<br /> width=&quot;100&quot; /&gt;<br /> &lt;style&gt;<br /> background: url(&quot;fallback.png&quot;) no-repeat center;<br /> background-image: url(&quot;image.svg&quot;);<br /> background-size: contain;<br /> &lt;/style&gt;<br /> &lt;/nowiki&gt;</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=VIZ/Embedding_SVG_in_HTML&diff=1996 2022-11-26T15:55:58Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>== https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Adding_vector_graphics_to_the_Web ==<br /> <br /> &lt;svg width=&quot;224pt&quot; height=&quot;409pt&quot;<br /> viewBox=&quot;0.00 0.00 224.00 409.01&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot; xmlns:xlink=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;graph0&quot; class=&quot;graph&quot; transform=&quot;scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 405.0146)&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;G&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#ffffff&quot; stroke=&quot;transparent&quot; points=&quot;-4,4 -4,-405.0146 220,-405.0146 220,4 -4,4&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;clust1&quot; class=&quot;cluster&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;cluster_0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#d3d3d3&quot; stroke=&quot;#d3d3d3&quot; points=&quot;8,-64.2146 8,-357.0146 98,-357.0146 98,-64.2146 8,-64.2146&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;text text-anchor=&quot;middle&quot; x=&quot;53&quot; y=&quot;-340.4146&quot; font-family=&quot;Times,serif&quot; font-size=&quot;14.00&quot; fill=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;process #1&lt;/text&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;clust2&quot; class=&quot;cluster&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;cluster_1&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#0000ff&quot; points=&quot;133,-64.2146 133,-357.0146 208,-357.0146 208,-64.2146 133,-64.2146&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;text text-anchor=&quot;middle&quot; x=&quot;170.5&quot; y=&quot;-340.4146&quot; font-family=&quot;Times,serif&quot; font-size=&quot;14.00&quot; fill=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;process #2&lt;/text&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- a0 --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;node1&quot; class=&quot;node&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;a0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;ellipse fill=&quot;#ffffff&quot; stroke=&quot;#ffffff&quot; cx=&quot;63&quot; cy=&quot;-306.2146&quot; rx=&quot;27&quot; ry=&quot;18&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;text text-anchor=&quot;middle&quot; x=&quot;63&quot; y=&quot;-302.0146&quot; font-family=&quot;Times,serif&quot; 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class=&quot;edge&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;start&amp;#45;&amp;gt;b0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;path fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; d=&quot;M124.4753,-369.2843C131.7813,-358.6975 142.0812,-343.7724 150.8274,-331.0987&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#000000&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;153.779,-332.9837 156.5783,-322.7653 148.0178,-329.0078 153.779,-332.9837&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;/svg&gt;<br /> <br /> == example 2 ==<br /> &lt;svg<br /> version=&quot;1.1&quot;<br /> baseProfile=&quot;full&quot;<br /> width=&quot;300&quot;<br /> height=&quot;200&quot;<br /> xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;rect width=&quot;100%&quot; height=&quot;100%&quot; fill=&quot;black&quot; /&gt;<br /> &lt;circle cx=&quot;150&quot; cy=&quot;100&quot; r=&quot;90&quot; fill=&quot;blue&quot; /&gt;<br /> &lt;/svg&gt;<br /> <br /> == example 2.1 ==<br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;iframe class=&quot;sample-code-frame&quot; title=&quot;What is SVG sample&quot; id=&quot;frame_what_is_svg&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://yari-demos.prod.mdn.mozit.cloud/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Adding_vector_graphics_to_the_Web/_sample_.what_is_svg.html&quot; loading=&quot;lazy&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;<br /> &lt;img<br /> src=&quot;equilateral.svg&quot;<br /> alt=&quot;triangle with all three sides equal&quot;<br /> height=&quot;87&quot;<br /> width=&quot;100&quot; /&gt;<br /> &lt;/nowiki&gt;</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=VIZ/Embedding_SVG_in_HTML&diff=1995 2022-11-26T15:54:44Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>== https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Adding_vector_graphics_to_the_Web ==<br /> <br /> &lt;svg width=&quot;224pt&quot; height=&quot;409pt&quot;<br /> viewBox=&quot;0.00 0.00 224.00 409.01&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot; xmlns:xlink=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;graph0&quot; class=&quot;graph&quot; transform=&quot;scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 405.0146)&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;G&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#ffffff&quot; stroke=&quot;transparent&quot; points=&quot;-4,4 -4,-405.0146 220,-405.0146 220,4 -4,4&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;clust1&quot; class=&quot;cluster&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;cluster_0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#d3d3d3&quot; stroke=&quot;#d3d3d3&quot; points=&quot;8,-64.2146 8,-357.0146 98,-357.0146 98,-64.2146 8,-64.2146&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;text text-anchor=&quot;middle&quot; x=&quot;53&quot; y=&quot;-340.4146&quot; font-family=&quot;Times,serif&quot; font-size=&quot;14.00&quot; fill=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;process #1&lt;/text&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;clust2&quot; class=&quot;cluster&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;cluster_1&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#0000ff&quot; points=&quot;133,-64.2146 133,-357.0146 208,-357.0146 208,-64.2146 133,-64.2146&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;text text-anchor=&quot;middle&quot; x=&quot;170.5&quot; y=&quot;-340.4146&quot; font-family=&quot;Times,serif&quot; font-size=&quot;14.00&quot; fill=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;process #2&lt;/text&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- a0 --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;node1&quot; class=&quot;node&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;a0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;ellipse fill=&quot;#ffffff&quot; stroke=&quot;#ffffff&quot; cx=&quot;63&quot; cy=&quot;-306.2146&quot; rx=&quot;27&quot; ry=&quot;18&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;text text-anchor=&quot;middle&quot; x=&quot;63&quot; y=&quot;-302.0146&quot; font-family=&quot;Times,serif&quot; 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class=&quot;edge&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;start&amp;#45;&amp;gt;b0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;path fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; d=&quot;M124.4753,-369.2843C131.7813,-358.6975 142.0812,-343.7724 150.8274,-331.0987&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#000000&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;153.779,-332.9837 156.5783,-322.7653 148.0178,-329.0078 153.779,-332.9837&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;/svg&gt;<br /> <br /> == example 2 ==<br /> &lt;svg<br /> version=&quot;1.1&quot;<br /> baseProfile=&quot;full&quot;<br /> width=&quot;300&quot;<br /> height=&quot;200&quot;<br /> xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;rect width=&quot;100%&quot; height=&quot;100%&quot; fill=&quot;black&quot; /&gt;<br /> &lt;circle cx=&quot;150&quot; cy=&quot;100&quot; r=&quot;90&quot; fill=&quot;blue&quot; /&gt;<br /> &lt;/svg&gt;<br /> <br /> == example 2.1 ==<br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;iframe class=&quot;sample-code-frame&quot; title=&quot;What is SVG sample&quot; id=&quot;frame_what_is_svg&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://yari-demos.prod.mdn.mozit.cloud/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Adding_vector_graphics_to_the_Web/_sample_.what_is_svg.html&quot; loading=&quot;lazy&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=VIZ/Embedding_SVG_in_HTML&diff=1994 2022-11-26T15:54:08Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>== https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Adding_vector_graphics_to_the_Web ==<br /> <br /> &lt;svg width=&quot;224pt&quot; height=&quot;409pt&quot;<br /> viewBox=&quot;0.00 0.00 224.00 409.01&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot; xmlns:xlink=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;graph0&quot; class=&quot;graph&quot; transform=&quot;scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 405.0146)&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;G&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#ffffff&quot; stroke=&quot;transparent&quot; points=&quot;-4,4 -4,-405.0146 220,-405.0146 220,4 -4,4&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;clust1&quot; class=&quot;cluster&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;cluster_0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#d3d3d3&quot; stroke=&quot;#d3d3d3&quot; points=&quot;8,-64.2146 8,-357.0146 98,-357.0146 98,-64.2146 8,-64.2146&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;text text-anchor=&quot;middle&quot; x=&quot;53&quot; y=&quot;-340.4146&quot; 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class=&quot;edge&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;start&amp;#45;&amp;gt;b0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;path fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; d=&quot;M124.4753,-369.2843C131.7813,-358.6975 142.0812,-343.7724 150.8274,-331.0987&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#000000&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;153.779,-332.9837 156.5783,-322.7653 148.0178,-329.0078 153.779,-332.9837&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;/svg&gt;<br /> <br /> == example 2 ==<br /> &lt;svg<br /> version=&quot;1.1&quot;<br /> baseProfile=&quot;full&quot;<br /> width=&quot;300&quot;<br /> height=&quot;200&quot;<br /> xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;rect width=&quot;100%&quot; height=&quot;100%&quot; fill=&quot;black&quot; /&gt;<br /> &lt;circle cx=&quot;150&quot; cy=&quot;100&quot; r=&quot;90&quot; fill=&quot;blue&quot; /&gt;<br /> &lt;/svg&gt;<br /> <br /> == example 2.1 ==<br /> &lt;iframe class=&quot;sample-code-frame&quot; title=&quot;What is SVG sample&quot; id=&quot;frame_what_is_svg&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://yari-demos.prod.mdn.mozit.cloud/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Adding_vector_graphics_to_the_Web/_sample_.what_is_svg.html&quot; loading=&quot;lazy&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=VIZ/Embedding_SVG_in_HTML&diff=1993 2022-11-26T15:51:52Z

<p>DavidWhitten: Created page with &quot;== https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Adding_vector_graphics_to_the_Web == &lt;svg width=&quot;224pt&quot; height=&quot;409pt&quot; viewBox=&quot;0.00 0.00 224...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>== https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Adding_vector_graphics_to_the_Web ==<br /> <br /> &lt;svg width=&quot;224pt&quot; height=&quot;409pt&quot;<br /> viewBox=&quot;0.00 0.00 224.00 409.01&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot; xmlns:xlink=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;graph0&quot; class=&quot;graph&quot; transform=&quot;scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 405.0146)&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;G&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#ffffff&quot; stroke=&quot;transparent&quot; points=&quot;-4,4 -4,-405.0146 220,-405.0146 220,4 -4,4&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;clust1&quot; class=&quot;cluster&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;cluster_0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#d3d3d3&quot; 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stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;82.792,-329.2032 74.2872,-322.885 76.9957,-333.1278 82.792,-329.2032&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- start&amp;#45;&amp;gt;b0 --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;edge8&quot; class=&quot;edge&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;start&amp;#45;&amp;gt;b0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;path fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; d=&quot;M124.4753,-369.2843C131.7813,-358.6975 142.0812,-343.7724 150.8274,-331.0987&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#000000&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;153.779,-332.9837 156.5783,-322.7653 148.0178,-329.0078 153.779,-332.9837&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;/svg&gt;<br /> <br /> == example 2 ==<br /> &lt;svg<br /> version=&quot;1.1&quot;<br /> baseProfile=&quot;full&quot;<br /> width=&quot;300&quot;<br /> height=&quot;200&quot;<br /> xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;rect width=&quot;100%&quot; height=&quot;100%&quot; fill=&quot;black&quot; /&gt;<br /> &lt;circle cx=&quot;150&quot; cy=&quot;100&quot; r=&quot;90&quot; fill=&quot;blue&quot; /&gt;<br /> &lt;/svg&gt;</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=VIZ/Named.dot&diff=1992 2022-11-26T15:48:56Z

<p>DavidWhitten: /* Example 2 */</p> <hr /> <div>http://viz-js.com<br /> <br /> == Example 1 ==<br /> <br /> <br /> # https://gitlab.com/graphviz/graphviz/-/blob/master/contrib/dirgraph/named.dot<br /> #<br /> #!/usr/local/bin/dot<br /> # Automatically modified file.<br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt; Contains directory \code\netbsdsrc\usr.sbin\named repreentation generated by dirgraph.pl<br /> <br /> digraph G {<br /> nodesep=.1;<br /> rankdir=LR;<br /> node [height=.15,shape=box,fontname=&quot;Helvetica&quot;,fontsize=8];<br /> edge [arrowhead=none,arrowtail=none];<br /> <br /> _usr_sbin [label=&quot;usr.sbin&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named [label=&quot;named&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_conf [label=&quot;conf&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_dig [label=&quot;dig&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_dnsquery [label=&quot;dnsquery&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc [label=&quot;doc&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc_bog [label=&quot;bog&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc_misc [label=&quot;misc&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc_rfc [label=&quot;rfc&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_host [label=&quot;host&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_man [label=&quot;man&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_named [label=&quot;named&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_named_xfer [label=&quot;named-xfer&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_ndc [label=&quot;ndc&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_nslookup [label=&quot;nslookup&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_reload [label=&quot;reload&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_restart [label=&quot;restart&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_test [label=&quot;test&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_testdomain [label=&quot;testdomain&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin-&gt;_usr_sbin_named;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_conf;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_dig;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_dnsquery;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_doc;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_host;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_man;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_named;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_named_xfer;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_ndc;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_nslookup;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_reload;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_restart;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_test;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_testdomain;<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_doc_bog;<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_doc_misc;<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_doc_rfc;<br /> }<br /> <br /> == Example 2 ==<br /> # from: http://www.graphviz.org/content/cluster<br /> <br /> digraph G {<br /> <br /> subgraph cluster_0 {<br /> style=filled;<br /> color=lightgrey;<br /> node [style=filled,color=white];<br /> a0 -&gt; a1 -&gt; a2 -&gt; a3;<br /> label = &quot;process #1&quot;;<br /> }<br /> <br /> subgraph cluster_1 {<br /> node [style=filled];<br /> b0 -&gt; b1 -&gt; b2 -&gt; b3;<br /> label = &quot;process #2&quot;;<br /> color=blue<br /> }<br /> start -&gt; a0;<br /> start -&gt; b0;<br /> a1 -&gt; b3;<br /> b2 -&gt; a3;<br /> a3 -&gt; a0;<br /> a3 -&gt; end;<br /> b3 -&gt; end;<br /> <br /> start [shape=Mdiamond]; end [shape=Msquare];<br /> }<br /> <br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;<br /> &lt;img&gt;&lt;svg width=&quot;224pt&quot; height=&quot;409pt&quot;<br /> viewBox=&quot;0.00 0.00 224.00 409.01&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot; xmlns:xlink=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;graph0&quot; class=&quot;graph&quot; transform=&quot;scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 405.0146)&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;G&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#ffffff&quot; stroke=&quot;transparent&quot; points=&quot;-4,4 -4,-405.0146 220,-405.0146 220,4 -4,4&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;clust1&quot; 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class=&quot;edge&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;a3&amp;#45;&amp;gt;a0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;path fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; d=&quot;M48.8771,-105.9302C40.7465,-116.0678 31.3099,-129.9799 27,-144.2146 13.0904,-190.155 13.0904,-206.2742 27,-252.2146 30.2661,-263.0019 36.4764,-273.6038 42.8313,-282.5183&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#000000&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;40.0487,-284.6414 48.8771,-290.499 45.6285,-280.4145 40.0487,-284.6414&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- end --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;node10&quot; class=&quot;node&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;end&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;133.2152,-36.3225 96.7848,-36.3225 96.7848,.1079 133.2152,.1079 133.2152,-36.3225&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polyline fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;108.7848,-36.3225 96.7848,-24.3225 &quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polyline fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; 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stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;82.792,-329.2032 74.2872,-322.885 76.9957,-333.1278 82.792,-329.2032&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- start&amp;#45;&amp;gt;b0 --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;edge8&quot; class=&quot;edge&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;start&amp;#45;&amp;gt;b0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;path fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; d=&quot;M124.4753,-369.2843C131.7813,-358.6975 142.0812,-343.7724 150.8274,-331.0987&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#000000&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;153.779,-332.9837 156.5783,-322.7653 148.0178,-329.0078 153.779,-332.9837&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;/svg&gt;<br /> &lt;/img&gt;<br /> &lt;/nowiki&gt;<br /> <br /> == Example 3 ==</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=VIZ/Named.dot&diff=1991 2022-11-26T15:48:08Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>http://viz-js.com<br /> <br /> == Example 1 ==<br /> <br /> <br /> # https://gitlab.com/graphviz/graphviz/-/blob/master/contrib/dirgraph/named.dot<br /> #<br /> #!/usr/local/bin/dot<br /> # Automatically modified file.<br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt; Contains directory \code\netbsdsrc\usr.sbin\named repreentation generated by dirgraph.pl<br /> <br /> digraph G {<br /> nodesep=.1;<br /> rankdir=LR;<br /> node [height=.15,shape=box,fontname=&quot;Helvetica&quot;,fontsize=8];<br /> edge [arrowhead=none,arrowtail=none];<br /> <br /> _usr_sbin [label=&quot;usr.sbin&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named [label=&quot;named&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_conf [label=&quot;conf&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_dig [label=&quot;dig&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_dnsquery [label=&quot;dnsquery&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc [label=&quot;doc&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc_bog [label=&quot;bog&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc_misc [label=&quot;misc&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc_rfc [label=&quot;rfc&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_host [label=&quot;host&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_man [label=&quot;man&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_named [label=&quot;named&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_named_xfer [label=&quot;named-xfer&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_ndc [label=&quot;ndc&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_nslookup [label=&quot;nslookup&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_reload [label=&quot;reload&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_restart [label=&quot;restart&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_test [label=&quot;test&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_testdomain [label=&quot;testdomain&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin-&gt;_usr_sbin_named;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_conf;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_dig;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_dnsquery;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_doc;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_host;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_man;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_named;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_named_xfer;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_ndc;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_nslookup;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_reload;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_restart;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_test;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_testdomain;<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_doc_bog;<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_doc_misc;<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_doc_rfc;<br /> }<br /> <br /> == Example 2 ==<br /> # from: http://www.graphviz.org/content/cluster<br /> <br /> digraph G {<br /> <br /> subgraph cluster_0 {<br /> style=filled;<br /> color=lightgrey;<br /> node [style=filled,color=white];<br /> a0 -&gt; a1 -&gt; a2 -&gt; a3;<br /> label = &quot;process #1&quot;;<br /> }<br /> <br /> subgraph cluster_1 {<br /> node [style=filled];<br /> b0 -&gt; b1 -&gt; b2 -&gt; b3;<br /> label = &quot;process #2&quot;;<br /> color=blue<br /> }<br /> start -&gt; a0;<br /> start -&gt; b0;<br /> a1 -&gt; b3;<br /> b2 -&gt; a3;<br /> a3 -&gt; a0;<br /> a3 -&gt; end;<br /> b3 -&gt; end;<br /> <br /> start [shape=Mdiamond]; end [shape=Msquare];<br /> }<br /> <br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;<br /> &lt;svg width=&quot;224pt&quot; height=&quot;409pt&quot;<br /> viewBox=&quot;0.00 0.00 224.00 409.01&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot; xmlns:xlink=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;graph0&quot; class=&quot;graph&quot; transform=&quot;scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 405.0146)&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;G&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#ffffff&quot; stroke=&quot;transparent&quot; points=&quot;-4,4 -4,-405.0146 220,-405.0146 220,4 -4,4&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;clust1&quot; 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stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;86.6698,-388.0182 86.6698,-378.011 &quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polyline fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;104.0929,-370.0182 125.9071,-370.0182 &quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polyline fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;143.3302,-378.011 143.3302,-388.0182 &quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polyline fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;125.9071,-396.011 104.0929,-396.011 &quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;text text-anchor=&quot;middle&quot; x=&quot;115&quot; y=&quot;-378.8146&quot; font-family=&quot;Times,serif&quot; font-size=&quot;14.00&quot; fill=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;start&lt;/text&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- start&amp;#45;&amp;gt;a0 --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;edge7&quot; class=&quot;edge&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;start&amp;#45;&amp;gt;a0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;path fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; d=&quot;M105.4624,-368.9283C98.3843,-358.4745 88.541,-343.9367 80.1137,-331.4901&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#000000&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;82.792,-329.2032 74.2872,-322.885 76.9957,-333.1278 82.792,-329.2032&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- start&amp;#45;&amp;gt;b0 --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;edge8&quot; class=&quot;edge&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;start&amp;#45;&amp;gt;b0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;path fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; d=&quot;M124.4753,-369.2843C131.7813,-358.6975 142.0812,-343.7724 150.8274,-331.0987&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#000000&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;153.779,-332.9837 156.5783,-322.7653 148.0178,-329.0078 153.779,-332.9837&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;/svg&gt;<br /> &lt;/nowiki&gt;<br /> <br /> == Example 3 ==</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=VIZ/Named.dot&diff=1990 2022-11-26T15:43:17Z

<p>DavidWhitten: /* Example 2 */</p> <hr /> <div>http://viz-js.com<br /> <br /> == Example 1 ==<br /> <br /> <br /> # https://gitlab.com/graphviz/graphviz/-/blob/master/contrib/dirgraph/named.dot<br /> #<br /> #!/usr/local/bin/dot<br /> # Automatically modified file.<br /> # Contains directory \code\netbsdsrc\usr.sbin\named repreentation generated by dirgraph.pl<br /> <br /> digraph G {<br /> nodesep=.1;<br /> rankdir=LR;<br /> node [height=.15,shape=box,fontname=&quot;Helvetica&quot;,fontsize=8];<br /> edge [arrowhead=none,arrowtail=none];<br /> <br /> _usr_sbin [label=&quot;usr.sbin&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named [label=&quot;named&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_conf [label=&quot;conf&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_dig [label=&quot;dig&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_dnsquery [label=&quot;dnsquery&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc [label=&quot;doc&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc_bog [label=&quot;bog&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc_misc [label=&quot;misc&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc_rfc [label=&quot;rfc&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_host [label=&quot;host&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_man [label=&quot;man&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_named [label=&quot;named&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_named_xfer [label=&quot;named-xfer&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_ndc [label=&quot;ndc&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_nslookup [label=&quot;nslookup&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_reload [label=&quot;reload&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_restart [label=&quot;restart&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_test [label=&quot;test&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_testdomain [label=&quot;testdomain&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin-&gt;_usr_sbin_named;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_conf;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_dig;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_dnsquery;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_doc;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_host;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_man;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_named;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_named_xfer;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_ndc;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_nslookup;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_reload;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_restart;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_test;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_testdomain;<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_doc_bog;<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_doc_misc;<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_doc_rfc;<br /> }<br /> <br /> == Example 2 ==<br /> # from: http://www.graphviz.org/content/cluster<br /> <br /> digraph G {<br /> <br /> subgraph cluster_0 {<br /> style=filled;<br /> color=lightgrey;<br /> node [style=filled,color=white];<br /> a0 -&gt; a1 -&gt; a2 -&gt; a3;<br /> label = &quot;process #1&quot;;<br /> }<br /> <br /> subgraph cluster_1 {<br /> node [style=filled];<br /> b0 -&gt; b1 -&gt; b2 -&gt; b3;<br /> label = &quot;process #2&quot;;<br /> color=blue<br /> }<br /> start -&gt; a0;<br /> start -&gt; b0;<br /> a1 -&gt; b3;<br /> b2 -&gt; a3;<br /> a3 -&gt; a0;<br /> a3 -&gt; end;<br /> b3 -&gt; end;<br /> <br /> start [shape=Mdiamond]; end [shape=Msquare];<br /> }<br /> <br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;<br /> &lt;svg width=&quot;224pt&quot; height=&quot;409pt&quot;<br /> viewBox=&quot;0.00 0.00 224.00 409.01&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot; xmlns:xlink=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;graph0&quot; class=&quot;graph&quot; transform=&quot;scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 405.0146)&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;G&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#ffffff&quot; stroke=&quot;transparent&quot; points=&quot;-4,4 -4,-405.0146 220,-405.0146 220,4 -4,4&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;clust1&quot; 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stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;82.792,-329.2032 74.2872,-322.885 76.9957,-333.1278 82.792,-329.2032&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- start&amp;#45;&amp;gt;b0 --&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;edge8&quot; class=&quot;edge&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;start&amp;#45;&amp;gt;b0&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;path fill=&quot;none&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; d=&quot;M124.4753,-369.2843C131.7813,-358.6975 142.0812,-343.7724 150.8274,-331.0987&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#000000&quot; stroke=&quot;#000000&quot; points=&quot;153.779,-332.9837 156.5783,-322.7653 148.0178,-329.0078 153.779,-332.9837&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;/g&gt;<br /> &lt;/svg&gt;<br /> &lt;/nowiki&gt;<br /> <br /> == Example 3 ==</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=VIZ/Named.dot&diff=1989 2022-11-26T15:42:32Z

<p>DavidWhitten: /* Example 1 */</p> <hr /> <div>http://viz-js.com<br /> <br /> == Example 1 ==<br /> <br /> <br /> # https://gitlab.com/graphviz/graphviz/-/blob/master/contrib/dirgraph/named.dot<br /> #<br /> #!/usr/local/bin/dot<br /> # Automatically modified file.<br /> # Contains directory \code\netbsdsrc\usr.sbin\named repreentation generated by dirgraph.pl<br /> <br /> digraph G {<br /> nodesep=.1;<br /> rankdir=LR;<br /> node [height=.15,shape=box,fontname=&quot;Helvetica&quot;,fontsize=8];<br /> edge [arrowhead=none,arrowtail=none];<br /> <br /> _usr_sbin [label=&quot;usr.sbin&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named [label=&quot;named&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_conf [label=&quot;conf&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_dig [label=&quot;dig&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_dnsquery [label=&quot;dnsquery&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc [label=&quot;doc&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc_bog [label=&quot;bog&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc_misc [label=&quot;misc&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc_rfc [label=&quot;rfc&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_host [label=&quot;host&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_man [label=&quot;man&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_named [label=&quot;named&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_named_xfer [label=&quot;named-xfer&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_ndc [label=&quot;ndc&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_nslookup [label=&quot;nslookup&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_reload [label=&quot;reload&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_restart [label=&quot;restart&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_test [label=&quot;test&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_testdomain [label=&quot;testdomain&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin-&gt;_usr_sbin_named;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_conf;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_dig;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_dnsquery;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_doc;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_host;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_man;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_named;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_named_xfer;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_ndc;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_nslookup;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_reload;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_restart;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_test;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_testdomain;<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_doc_bog;<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_doc_misc;<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_doc_rfc;<br /> }<br /> <br /> == Example 2 ==<br /> # from: http://www.graphviz.org/content/cluster<br /> <br /> digraph G {<br /> <br /> subgraph cluster_0 {<br /> style=filled;<br /> color=lightgrey;<br /> node [style=filled,color=white];<br /> a0 -&gt; a1 -&gt; a2 -&gt; a3;<br /> label = &quot;process #1&quot;;<br /> }<br /> <br /> subgraph cluster_1 {<br /> node [style=filled];<br /> b0 -&gt; b1 -&gt; b2 -&gt; b3;<br /> label = &quot;process #2&quot;;<br /> color=blue<br /> }<br /> start -&gt; a0;<br /> start -&gt; b0;<br /> a1 -&gt; b3;<br /> b2 -&gt; a3;<br /> a3 -&gt; a0;<br /> a3 -&gt; end;<br /> b3 -&gt; end;<br /> <br /> start [shape=Mdiamond]; end [shape=Msquare];<br /> }<br /> <br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;<br /> &lt;svg width=&quot;224pt&quot; height=&quot;409pt&quot;<br /> viewBox=&quot;0.00 0.00 224.00 409.01&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot; xmlns:xlink=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;graph0&quot; class=&quot;graph&quot; transform=&quot;scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 405.0146)&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;G&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#ffffff&quot; stroke=&quot;transparent&quot; points=&quot;-4,4 -4,-405.0146 220,-405.0146 220,4 -4,4&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;clust1&quot; 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DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=VIZ/Named.dot&diff=1988 2022-11-26T15:41:56Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>http://viz-js.com<br /> <br /> == Example 1 ==<br /> <br /> <br /> # https://gitlab.com/graphviz/graphviz/-/blob/master/contrib/dirgraph/named.dot<br /> #<br /> #!/usr/local/bin/dot<br /> # Automatically modified file.<br /> # Contains directory \code\netbsdsrc\usr.sbin\named repreentation generated by dirgraph.pl<br /> <br /> digraph G {<br /> nodesep=.1;<br /> rankdir=LR;<br /> node [height=.15,shape=box,fontname=&quot;Helvetica&quot;,fontsize=8];<br /> edge [arrowhead=none,arrowtail=none];<br /> <br /> _usr_sbin [label=&quot;usr.sbin&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named [label=&quot;named&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_conf [label=&quot;conf&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_dig [label=&quot;dig&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_dnsquery [label=&quot;dnsquery&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc [label=&quot;doc&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc_bog [label=&quot;bog&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc_misc [label=&quot;misc&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc_rfc [label=&quot;rfc&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_host [label=&quot;host&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_man [label=&quot;man&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_named [label=&quot;named&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_named_xfer [label=&quot;named-xfer&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_ndc [label=&quot;ndc&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_nslookup [label=&quot;nslookup&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_reload [label=&quot;reload&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_restart [label=&quot;restart&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_test [label=&quot;test&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin_named_testdomain [label=&quot;testdomain&quot;];<br /> _usr_sbin-&gt;_usr_sbin_named;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_conf;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_dig;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_dnsquery;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_doc;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_host;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_man;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_named;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_named_xfer;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_ndc;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_nslookup;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_reload;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_restart;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_test;<br /> _usr_sbin_named-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_testdomain;<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_doc_bog;<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_doc_misc;<br /> _usr_sbin_named_doc-&gt;_usr_sbin_named_doc_rfc;<br /> }<br /> == Example 2 ==<br /> # from: http://www.graphviz.org/content/cluster<br /> <br /> digraph G {<br /> <br /> subgraph cluster_0 {<br /> style=filled;<br /> color=lightgrey;<br /> node [style=filled,color=white];<br /> a0 -&gt; a1 -&gt; a2 -&gt; a3;<br /> label = &quot;process #1&quot;;<br /> }<br /> <br /> subgraph cluster_1 {<br /> node [style=filled];<br /> b0 -&gt; b1 -&gt; b2 -&gt; b3;<br /> label = &quot;process #2&quot;;<br /> color=blue<br /> }<br /> start -&gt; a0;<br /> start -&gt; b0;<br /> a1 -&gt; b3;<br /> b2 -&gt; a3;<br /> a3 -&gt; a0;<br /> a3 -&gt; end;<br /> b3 -&gt; end;<br /> <br /> start [shape=Mdiamond]; end [shape=Msquare];<br /> }<br /> <br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;<br /> &lt;svg width=&quot;224pt&quot; height=&quot;409pt&quot;<br /> viewBox=&quot;0.00 0.00 224.00 409.01&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot; xmlns:xlink=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;graph0&quot; class=&quot;graph&quot; transform=&quot;scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 405.0146)&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;title&gt;G&lt;/title&gt;<br /> &lt;polygon fill=&quot;#ffffff&quot; stroke=&quot;transparent&quot; points=&quot;-4,4 -4,-405.0146 220,-405.0146 220,4 -4,4&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;g id=&quot;clust1&quot; 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DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=NLP&diff=1987 2022-11-26T15:37:41Z

<p>DavidWhitten: Created page with &quot;== Natural Language Processing == Also : Earley Parser&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>== Natural Language Processing ==<br /> <br /> Also : [[Earley Parser]]</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Module:Documentation&diff=1986 2022-11-12T18:11:01Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>-- This module implements {{documentation}}.<br /> <br /> -- Get required modules.<br /> local getArgs = require(&#039;Module:Arguments&#039;).getArgs<br /> <br /> -- DJW 20210623 add extra dependency info.<br /> --local dummy = require(&#039;Module:Documentation&#039;);<br /> <br /> -- Get the config table.<br /> local cfg = mw.loadData(&#039;Module:Documentation/config&#039;)<br /> <br /> local p = {}<br /> <br /> -- Often-used functions.<br /> local ugsub = mw.ustring.gsub<br /> <br /> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> -- Helper functions<br /> --<br /> -- These are defined as local functions, but are made available in the p<br /> -- table for testing purposes.<br /> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> <br /> local function message(cfgKey, valArray, expectType)<br /> --[[<br /> -- Gets a message from the cfg table and formats it if appropriate.<br /> -- The function raises an error if the value from the cfg table is not<br /> -- of the type expectType. The default type for expectType is &#039;string&#039;.<br /> -- If the table valArray is present, strings such as $1, $2 etc. in the<br /> -- message are substituted with values from the table keys [1], [2] etc.<br /> -- For example, if the message &quot;foo-message&quot; had the value &#039;Foo $2 bar $1.&#039;,<br /> -- message(&#039;foo-message&#039;, {&#039;baz&#039;, &#039;qux&#039;}) would return &quot;Foo qux bar baz.&quot;<br /> --]]<br /> local msg = cfg[cfgKey]<br /> expectType = expectType or &#039;string&#039; <br /> if type(msg) ~= expectType then<br /> error(&#039;message: (DJW)chk: Module;Documentation/config for cfg defn. type error in message cfg.&#039; .. cfgKey .. &#039; (&#039; .. expectType .. &#039; expected, got &#039; .. type(msg) .. &#039;)&#039;, 2)<br /> end<br /> if not valArray then<br /> return msg<br /> end<br /> <br /> local function getMessageVal(match)<br /> match = tonumber(match)<br /> return valArray[match] or error(&#039;message: no value found for key $&#039; .. match .. &#039; in message cfg.&#039; .. cfgKey, 4)<br /> end<br /> <br /> return ugsub(msg, &#039;$([1-9][0-9]*)&#039;, getMessageVal)<br /> end<br /> <br /> p.message = message<br /> <br /> local function makeWikilink(page, display)<br /> if display then<br /> return mw.ustring.format(&#039;[[%s|%s]]&#039;, page, display)<br /> else<br /> return mw.ustring.format(&#039;[[%s]]&#039;, page)<br /> end<br /> end<br /> <br /> p.makeWikilink = makeWikilink<br /> <br /> local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort)<br /> local catns = mw.site.namespaces[14].name<br /> return makeWikilink(catns .. &#039;:&#039; .. cat, sort)<br /> end<br /> <br /> p.makeCategoryLink = makeCategoryLink<br /> <br /> local function makeUrlLink(url, display)<br /> return mw.ustring.format(&#039;[%s %s]&#039;, url, display)<br /> end<br /> <br /> p.makeUrlLink = makeUrlLink<br /> <br /> local function makeToolbar(...)<br /> local ret = {}<br /> local lim = select(&#039;#&#039;, ...)<br /> if lim &lt; 1 then<br /> return nil<br /> end<br /> for i = 1, lim do<br /> ret[#ret + 1] = select(i, ...)<br /> end<br /> -- &#039;documentation-toolbar&#039;<br /> return &#039;&lt;span class=&quot;&#039; .. message(&#039;toolbar-class&#039;) .. &#039;&quot;&gt;(&#039;<br /> .. table.concat(ret, &#039; &amp;#124; &#039;) .. &#039;)&lt;/span&gt;&#039;<br /> end <br /> <br /> p.makeToolbar = makeToolbar<br /> <br /> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> -- Argument processing<br /> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> <br /> local function makeInvokeFunc(funcName)<br /> return function (frame)<br /> local args = getArgs(frame, {<br /> valueFunc = function (key, value)<br /> if type(value) == &#039;string&#039; then<br /> value = value:match(&#039;^%s*(.-)%s*$&#039;) -- Remove whitespace.<br /> if key == &#039;heading&#039; or value ~= &#039;&#039; then<br /> return value<br /> else<br /> return nil<br /> end<br /> else<br /> return value<br /> end<br /> end<br /> })<br /> return p[funcName](args)<br /> end<br /> end<br /> <br /> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> -- Entry points<br /> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> <br /> function p.nonexistent(frame)<br /> if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText == &#039;testcases&#039; then<br /> return frame:expandTemplate{title = &#039;module test cases notice&#039;}<br /> else<br /> return p.main(frame)<br /> end<br /> end<br /> <br /> p.main = makeInvokeFunc(&#039;_main&#039;)<br /> <br /> function p._main(args)<br /> --[[<br /> -- This function defines logic flow for the module.<br /> -- @args - table of arguments passed by the user<br /> --]]<br /> local env = p.getEnvironment(args)<br /> local root = mw.html.create()<br /> root<br /> :wikitext(p._getModuleWikitext(args, env))<br /> :wikitext(p.protectionTemplate(env))<br /> :wikitext(p.sandboxNotice(args, env))<br /> :tag(&#039;div&#039;)<br /> -- &#039;documentation-container&#039;<br /> :addClass(message(&#039;container&#039;))<br /> :newline()<br /> :tag(&#039;div&#039;)<br /> -- &#039;documentation&#039;<br /> :addClass(message(&#039;main-div-classes&#039;))<br /> :newline()<br /> :wikitext(p._startBox(args, env))<br /> :wikitext(p._content(args, env))<br /> :tag(&#039;div&#039;)<br /> -- &#039;documentation-clear&#039;<br /> :addClass(message(&#039;clear&#039;))<br /> :done()<br /> :newline()<br /> :done()<br /> :wikitext(p._endBox(args, env))<br /> :done()<br /> :wikitext(p.addTrackingCategories(env))<br /> -- &#039;Module:Documentation/styles.css&#039;<br /> return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag (<br /> &#039;templatestyles&#039;, &#039;&#039;, {src=cfg[&#039;templatestyles&#039;]<br /> }) .. tostring(root)<br /> end<br /> <br /> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> -- Environment settings<br /> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> <br /> function p.getEnvironment(args)<br /> --[[<br /> -- Returns a table with information about the environment, including title<br /> -- objects and other namespace- or path-related data.<br /> -- @args - table of arguments passed by the user<br /> --<br /> -- Title objects include:<br /> -- env.title - the page we are making documentation for (usually the current title)<br /> -- env.templateTitle - the template (or module, file, etc.)<br /> -- env.docTitle - the /doc subpage.<br /> -- env.sandboxTitle - the /sandbox subpage.<br /> -- env.testcasesTitle - the /testcases subpage.<br /> -- env.printTitle - the print version of the template, located at the /Print subpage.<br /> --<br /> -- Data includes:<br /> -- env.protectionLevels - the protection levels table of the title object.<br /> -- env.subjectSpace - the number of the title&#039;s subject namespace.<br /> -- env.docSpace - the number of the namespace the title puts its documentation in.<br /> -- env.docpageBase - the text of the base page of the /doc, /sandbox and /testcases pages, with namespace.<br /> -- env.compareUrl - URL of the Special:ComparePages page comparing the sandbox with the template.<br /> -- <br /> -- All table lookups are passed through pcall so that errors are caught. If an error occurs, the value<br /> -- returned will be nil.<br /> --]]<br /> <br /> local env, envFuncs = {}, {}<br /> <br /> -- Set up the metatable. If triggered we call the corresponding function in the envFuncs table. The value<br /> -- returned by that function is memoized in the env table so that we don&#039;t call any of the functions<br /> -- more than once. (Nils won&#039;t be memoized.)<br /> setmetatable(env, {<br /> __index = function (t, key)<br /> local envFunc = envFuncs[key]<br /> if envFunc then<br /> local success, val = pcall(envFunc)<br /> if success then<br /> env[key] = val -- Memoise the value.<br /> return val<br /> end<br /> end<br /> return nil<br /> end<br /> }) <br /> <br /> function envFuncs.title()<br /> -- The title object for the current page, or a test page passed with args.page.<br /> local title<br /> local titleArg = args.page<br /> if titleArg then<br /> title = mw.title.new(titleArg)<br /> else<br /> title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()<br /> end<br /> return title<br /> end<br /> <br /> function envFuncs.templateTitle()<br /> --[[<br /> -- The template (or module, etc.) title object.<br /> -- Messages:<br /> -- &#039;sandbox-subpage&#039; --&gt; &#039;sandbox&#039;<br /> -- &#039;testcases-subpage&#039; --&gt; &#039;testcases&#039;<br /> --]]<br /> local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace<br /> local title = env.title<br /> local subpage = title.subpageText<br /> if subpage == message(&#039;sandbox-subpage&#039;) or subpage == message(&#039;testcases-subpage&#039;) then<br /> return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.baseText)<br /> else<br /> return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.text)<br /> end<br /> end<br /> <br /> function envFuncs.docTitle()<br /> --[[<br /> -- Title object of the /doc subpage.<br /> -- Messages:<br /> -- &#039;doc-subpage&#039; --&gt; &#039;doc&#039;<br /> --]]<br /> local title = env.title<br /> local docname = args[1] -- User-specified doc page.<br /> local docpage<br /> if docname then<br /> docpage = docname<br /> else<br /> docpage = env.docpageBase .. &#039;/&#039; .. message(&#039;doc-subpage&#039;)<br /> end<br /> return mw.title.new(docpage)<br /> end<br /> <br /> function envFuncs.sandboxTitle()<br /> --[[<br /> -- Title object for the /sandbox subpage.<br /> -- Messages:<br /> -- &#039;sandbox-subpage&#039; --&gt; &#039;sandbox&#039;<br /> --]]<br /> return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. &#039;/&#039; .. message(&#039;sandbox-subpage&#039;))<br /> end<br /> <br /> function envFuncs.testcasesTitle()<br /> --[[<br /> -- Title object for the /testcases subpage.<br /> -- Messages:<br /> -- &#039;testcases-subpage&#039; --&gt; &#039;testcases&#039;<br /> --]]<br /> return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. &#039;/&#039; .. message(&#039;testcases-subpage&#039;))<br /> end<br /> <br /> function envFuncs.printTitle()<br /> --[[<br /> -- Title object for the /Print subpage.<br /> -- Messages:<br /> -- &#039;print-subpage&#039; --&gt; &#039;Print&#039;<br /> --]]<br /> return env.templateTitle:subPageTitle(message(&#039;print-subpage&#039;))<br /> end<br /> <br /> function envFuncs.protectionLevels()<br /> -- The protection levels table of the title object.<br /> return env.title.protectionLevels<br /> end<br /> <br /> function envFuncs.subjectSpace()<br /> -- The subject namespace number.<br /> return mw.site.namespaces[env.title.namespace].subject.id<br /> end<br /> <br /> function envFuncs.docSpace()<br /> -- The documentation namespace number. For most namespaces this is the<br /> -- same as the subject namespace. However, pages in the Article, File,<br /> -- MediaWiki or Category namespaces must have their /doc, /sandbox and<br /> -- /testcases pages in talk space.<br /> local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace<br /> if subjectSpace == 0 or subjectSpace == 6 or subjectSpace == 8 or subjectSpace == 14 then<br /> return subjectSpace + 1<br /> else<br /> return subjectSpace<br /> end<br /> end<br /> <br /> function envFuncs.docpageBase()<br /> -- The base page of the /doc, /sandbox, and /testcases subpages.<br /> -- For some namespaces this is the talk page, rather than the template page.<br /> local templateTitle = env.templateTitle<br /> local docSpace = env.docSpace<br /> local docSpaceText = mw.site.namespaces[docSpace].name<br /> -- Assemble the link. docSpace is never the main namespace, so we can hardcode the colon.<br /> return docSpaceText .. &#039;:&#039; .. templateTitle.text<br /> end<br /> <br /> function envFuncs.compareUrl()<br /> -- Diff link between the sandbox and the main template using [[Special:ComparePages]].<br /> local templateTitle = env.templateTitle<br /> local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle<br /> if templateTitle.exists and sandboxTitle.exists then<br /> local compareUrl = mw.uri.fullUrl(<br /> &#039;Special:ComparePages&#039;,<br /> { page1 = templateTitle.prefixedText, page2 = sandboxTitle.prefixedText}<br /> )<br /> return tostring(compareUrl)<br /> else<br /> return nil<br /> end<br /> end <br /> <br /> return env<br /> end <br /> <br /> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> -- Auxiliary templates<br /> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> <br /> p.getModuleWikitext = makeInvokeFunc(&#039;_getModuleWikitext&#039;)<br /> <br /> function p._getModuleWikitext(args, env)<br /> local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()<br /> if currentTitle.contentModel ~= &#039;Scribunto&#039; then return end<br /> pcall(require, currentTitle.prefixedText) -- if it fails, we don&#039;t care<br /> local moduleWikitext = package.loaded[&quot;Module:Module wikitext&quot;]<br /> if moduleWikitext then<br /> return moduleWikitext.main()<br /> end<br /> end<br /> <br /> function p.sandboxNotice(args, env)<br /> --[=[<br /> -- Generates a sandbox notice for display above sandbox pages.<br /> -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user<br /> -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment<br /> -- <br /> -- Messages:<br /> -- &#039;sandbox-notice-image&#039; --&gt; &#039;[[Image:Sandbox.svg|50px|alt=|link=]]&#039;<br /> -- &#039;sandbox-notice-blurb&#039; --&gt; &#039;This is the $1 for $2.&#039;<br /> -- &#039;sandbox-notice-diff-blurb&#039; --&gt; &#039;This is the $1 for $2 ($3).&#039;<br /> -- &#039;sandbox-notice-pagetype-template&#039; --&gt; &#039;[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|template sandbox]] page&#039;<br /> -- &#039;sandbox-notice-pagetype-module&#039; --&gt; &#039;[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|module sandbox]] page&#039;<br /> -- &#039;sandbox-notice-pagetype-other&#039; --&gt; &#039;sandbox page&#039;<br /> -- &#039;sandbox-notice-compare-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;diff&#039;<br /> -- &#039;sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb&#039; --&gt; &#039;See also the companion subpage for $1.&#039;<br /> -- &#039;sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;test cases&#039;<br /> -- &#039;sandbox-category&#039; --&gt; &#039;Template sandboxes&#039;<br /> --]=]<br /> local title = env.title<br /> local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle<br /> local templateTitle = env.templateTitle<br /> local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace<br /> if not (subjectSpace and title and sandboxTitle and templateTitle<br /> and mw.title.equals(title, sandboxTitle)) then<br /> return nil<br /> end<br /> -- Build the table of arguments to pass to {{ombox}}. We need just two fields, &quot;image&quot; and &quot;text&quot;.<br /> local omargs = {}<br /> omargs.image = message(&#039;sandbox-notice-image&#039;)<br /> -- Get the text. We start with the opening blurb, which is something like<br /> -- &quot;This is the template sandbox for [[Template:Foo]] (diff).&quot;<br /> local text = &#039;&#039;<br /> local pagetype<br /> if subjectSpace == 10 then<br /> pagetype = message(&#039;sandbox-notice-pagetype-template&#039;)<br /> elseif subjectSpace == 828 then<br /> pagetype = message(&#039;sandbox-notice-pagetype-module&#039;)<br /> else<br /> pagetype = message(&#039;sandbox-notice-pagetype-other&#039;)<br /> end<br /> local templateLink = makeWikilink(templateTitle.prefixedText)<br /> local compareUrl = env.compareUrl<br /> if compareUrl then<br /> local compareDisplay = message(&#039;sandbox-notice-compare-link-display&#039;)<br /> local compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay)<br /> text = text .. message(&#039;sandbox-notice-diff-blurb&#039;, {pagetype, templateLink, compareLink})<br /> else<br /> text = text .. message(&#039;sandbox-notice-blurb&#039;, {pagetype, templateLink})<br /> end<br /> -- Get the test cases page blurb if the page exists. This is something like<br /> -- &quot;See also the companion subpage for [[Template:Foo/testcases|test cases]].&quot;<br /> local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle<br /> if testcasesTitle and testcasesTitle.exists then<br /> if testcasesTitle.contentModel == &quot;Scribunto&quot; then<br /> local testcasesLinkDisplay = message(&#039;sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display&#039;)<br /> local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message(&#039;sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display&#039;)<br /> local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay)<br /> local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay)<br /> text = text .. &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&#039; .. message(&#039;sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb&#039;, {testcasesLink, testcasesRunLink})<br /> else<br /> local testcasesLinkDisplay = message(&#039;sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display&#039;)<br /> local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay)<br /> text = text .. &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&#039; .. message(&#039;sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb&#039;, {testcasesLink})<br /> end<br /> end<br /> -- Add the sandbox to the sandbox category.<br /> omargs.text = text .. makeCategoryLink(message(&#039;sandbox-category&#039;))<br /> <br /> -- &#039;documentation-clear&#039;<br /> return &#039;&lt;div class=&quot;&#039; .. message(&#039;clear&#039;) .. &#039;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;<br /> .. require(&#039;Module:Message box&#039;).main(&#039;ombox&#039;, omargs)<br /> end<br /> <br /> function p.protectionTemplate(env)<br /> -- Generates the padlock icon in the top right.<br /> -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment<br /> -- Messages:<br /> -- &#039;protection-template&#039; --&gt; &#039;pp-template&#039;<br /> -- &#039;protection-template-args&#039; --&gt; {docusage = &#039;yes&#039;}<br /> local protectionLevels = env.protectionLevels<br /> if not protectionLevels then<br /> return nil<br /> end<br /> local editProt = protectionLevels.edit and protectionLevels.edit[1]<br /> local moveProt = protectionLevels.move and protectionLevels.move[1]<br /> if editProt then<br /> -- The page is edit-protected.<br /> return require(&#039;Module:Protection banner&#039;)._main{<br /> message(&#039;protection-reason-edit&#039;), small = true<br /> }<br /> elseif moveProt and moveProt ~= &#039;autoconfirmed&#039; then<br /> -- The page is move-protected but not edit-protected. Exclude move<br /> -- protection with the level &quot;autoconfirmed&quot;, as this is equivalent to<br /> -- no move protection at all.<br /> return require(&#039;Module:Protection banner&#039;)._main{<br /> action = &#039;move&#039;, small = true<br /> }<br /> else<br /> return nil<br /> end<br /> end<br /> <br /> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> -- Start box<br /> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> <br /> p.startBox = makeInvokeFunc(&#039;_startBox&#039;)<br /> <br /> function p._startBox(args, env)<br /> --[[<br /> -- This function generates the start box.<br /> -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user<br /> -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment<br /> -- <br /> -- The actual work is done by p.makeStartBoxLinksData and p.renderStartBoxLinks which make<br /> -- the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links, and by p.makeStartBoxData and p.renderStartBox<br /> -- which generate the box HTML.<br /> --]]<br /> env = env or p.getEnvironment(args)<br /> local links<br /> local content = args.content<br /> if not content or args[1] then<br /> -- No need to include the links if the documentation is on the template page itself.<br /> local linksData = p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env)<br /> if linksData then<br /> links = p.renderStartBoxLinks(linksData)<br /> end<br /> end<br /> -- Generate the start box html.<br /> local data = p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links)<br /> if data then<br /> return p.renderStartBox(data)<br /> else<br /> -- User specified no heading.<br /> return nil<br /> end<br /> end<br /> <br /> function p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env)<br /> --[[<br /> -- Does initial processing of data to make the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links.<br /> -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user<br /> -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment<br /> -- <br /> -- Messages:<br /> -- &#039;view-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;view&#039;<br /> -- &#039;edit-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;edit&#039;<br /> -- &#039;history-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;history&#039;<br /> -- &#039;purge-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;purge&#039;<br /> -- &#039;file-docpage-preload&#039; --&gt; &#039;Template:Documentation/preload-filespace&#039;<br /> -- &#039;module-preload&#039; --&gt; &#039;Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc&#039;<br /> -- &#039;docpage-preload&#039; --&gt; &#039;Template:Documentation/preload&#039;<br /> -- &#039;create-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;create&#039;<br /> --]]<br /> local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace<br /> local title = env.title<br /> local docTitle = env.docTitle<br /> if not title or not docTitle then<br /> return nil<br /> end<br /> if docTitle.isRedirect then <br /> docTitle = docTitle.redirectTarget<br /> end<br /> <br /> local data = {}<br /> data.title = title<br /> data.docTitle = docTitle<br /> -- View, display, edit, and purge links if /doc exists.<br /> data.viewLinkDisplay = message(&#039;view-link-display&#039;)<br /> data.editLinkDisplay = message(&#039;edit-link-display&#039;)<br /> data.historyLinkDisplay = message(&#039;history-link-display&#039;)<br /> data.purgeLinkDisplay = message(&#039;purge-link-display&#039;)<br /> -- Create link if /doc doesn&#039;t exist.<br /> local preload = args.preload<br /> if not preload then<br /> if subjectSpace == 6 then -- File namespace<br /> preload = message(&#039;file-docpage-preload&#039;)<br /> elseif subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace<br /> preload = message(&#039;module-preload&#039;)<br /> else<br /> preload = message(&#039;docpage-preload&#039;)<br /> end<br /> end<br /> data.preload = preload<br /> data.createLinkDisplay = message(&#039;create-link-display&#039;)<br /> return data<br /> end<br /> <br /> function p.renderStartBoxLinks(data)<br /> --[[<br /> -- Generates the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create] links from the data table.<br /> -- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxLinksData<br /> --]]<br /> <br /> local function escapeBrackets(s)<br /> -- Escapes square brackets with HTML entities.<br /> s = s:gsub(&#039;%[&#039;, &#039;&amp;#91;&#039;) -- Replace square brackets with HTML entities.<br /> s = s:gsub(&#039;%]&#039;, &#039;&amp;#93;&#039;)<br /> return s<br /> end<br /> <br /> local ret<br /> local docTitle = data.docTitle<br /> local title = data.title<br /> if docTitle.exists then<br /> local viewLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, data.viewLinkDisplay)<br /> local editLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:fullUrl{action = &#039;edit&#039;}, data.editLinkDisplay)<br /> local historyLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:fullUrl{action = &#039;history&#039;}, data.historyLinkDisplay)<br /> local purgeLink = makeUrlLink(title:fullUrl{action = &#039;purge&#039;}, data.purgeLinkDisplay)<br /> ret = &#039;[%s] [%s] [%s] [%s]&#039;<br /> ret = escapeBrackets(ret)<br /> ret = mw.ustring.format(ret, viewLink, editLink, historyLink, purgeLink)<br /> else<br /> local createLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:fullUrl{action = &#039;edit&#039;, preload = data.preload}, data.createLinkDisplay)<br /> ret = &#039;[%s]&#039;<br /> ret = escapeBrackets(ret)<br /> ret = mw.ustring.format(ret, createLink)<br /> end<br /> return ret<br /> end<br /> <br /> function p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links)<br /> --[=[<br /> -- Does initial processing of data to pass to the start-box render function, p.renderStartBox.<br /> -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user<br /> -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment<br /> -- @links - a string containing the [view][edit][history][purge] links - could be nil if there&#039;s an error.<br /> --<br /> -- Messages:<br /> -- &#039;documentation-icon-wikitext&#039; --&gt; &#039;[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|link=|alt=]]&#039;<br /> -- &#039;template-namespace-heading&#039; --&gt; &#039;Template documentation&#039;<br /> -- &#039;module-namespace-heading&#039; --&gt; &#039;Module documentation&#039;<br /> -- &#039;file-namespace-heading&#039; --&gt; &#039;Summary&#039;<br /> -- &#039;other-namespaces-heading&#039; --&gt; &#039;Documentation&#039;<br /> -- &#039;testcases-create-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;create&#039;<br /> --]=]<br /> local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace<br /> if not subjectSpace then<br /> -- Default to an &quot;other namespaces&quot; namespace, so that we get at least some output<br /> -- if an error occurs.<br /> subjectSpace = 2<br /> end<br /> local data = {}<br /> <br /> -- Heading<br /> local heading = args.heading -- Blank values are not removed.<br /> if heading == &#039;&#039; then<br /> -- Don&#039;t display the start box if the heading arg is defined but blank.<br /> return nil<br /> end<br /> if heading then<br /> data.heading = heading<br /> elseif subjectSpace == 10 then -- Template namespace<br /> data.heading = message(&#039;documentation-icon-wikitext&#039;) .. &#039; &#039; .. message(&#039;template-namespace-heading&#039;)<br /> elseif subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace<br /> data.heading = message(&#039;documentation-icon-wikitext&#039;) .. &#039; &#039; .. message(&#039;module-namespace-heading&#039;)<br /> elseif subjectSpace == 6 then -- File namespace<br /> data.heading = message(&#039;file-namespace-heading&#039;)<br /> else<br /> data.heading = message(&#039;other-namespaces-heading&#039;)<br /> end<br /> <br /> -- Heading CSS<br /> local headingStyle = args[&#039;heading-style&#039;]<br /> if headingStyle then<br /> data.headingStyleText = headingStyle<br /> else<br /> -- &#039;documentation-heading&#039;<br /> data.headingClass = message(&#039;main-div-heading-class&#039;)<br /> end<br /> <br /> -- Data for the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create] links.<br /> if links then<br /> -- &#039;mw-editsection-like plainlinks&#039;<br /> data.linksClass = message(&#039;start-box-link-classes&#039;)<br /> data.links = links<br /> end<br /> <br /> return data<br /> end<br /> <br /> function p.renderStartBox(data)<br /> -- Renders the start box html.<br /> -- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxData.<br /> local sbox = mw.html.create(&#039;div&#039;)<br /> sbox<br /> -- &#039;documentation-startbox&#039;<br /> :addClass(message(&#039;start-box-class&#039;))<br /> :newline()<br /> :tag(&#039;span&#039;)<br /> :addClass(data.headingClass)<br /> :cssText(data.headingStyleText)<br /> :wikitext(data.heading)<br /> local links = data.links<br /> if links then<br /> sbox:tag(&#039;span&#039;)<br /> :addClass(data.linksClass)<br /> :attr(&#039;id&#039;, data.linksId)<br /> :wikitext(links)<br /> end<br /> return tostring(sbox)<br /> end<br /> <br /> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> -- Documentation content<br /> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> <br /> p.content = makeInvokeFunc(&#039;_content&#039;)<br /> <br /> function p._content(args, env)<br /> -- Displays the documentation contents<br /> -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user<br /> -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment<br /> env = env or p.getEnvironment(args)<br /> local docTitle = env.docTitle<br /> local content = args.content<br /> if not content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then<br /> content = args._content or mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = docTitle.prefixedText}<br /> end<br /> -- The line breaks below are necessary so that &quot;=== Headings ===&quot; at the start and end<br /> -- of docs are interpreted correctly.<br /> return &#039;\n&#039; .. (content or &#039;&#039;) .. &#039;\n&#039; <br /> end<br /> <br /> p.contentTitle = makeInvokeFunc(&#039;_contentTitle&#039;)<br /> <br /> function p._contentTitle(args, env)<br /> env = env or p.getEnvironment(args)<br /> local docTitle = env.docTitle<br /> if not args.content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then<br /> return docTitle.prefixedText<br /> else<br /> return &#039;&#039;<br /> end<br /> end<br /> <br /> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> -- End box<br /> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> <br /> p.endBox = makeInvokeFunc(&#039;_endBox&#039;)<br /> <br /> function p._endBox(args, env)<br /> --[=[<br /> -- This function generates the end box (also known as the link box).<br /> -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user<br /> -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment<br /> -- <br /> --]=]<br /> <br /> -- Get environment data.<br /> env = env or p.getEnvironment(args)<br /> local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace<br /> local docTitle = env.docTitle<br /> if not subjectSpace or not docTitle then<br /> return nil<br /> end<br /> <br /> -- Check whether we should output the end box at all. Add the end<br /> -- box by default if the documentation exists or if we are in the<br /> -- user, module or template namespaces.<br /> local linkBox = args[&#039;link box&#039;]<br /> if linkBox == &#039;off&#039;<br /> or not (<br /> docTitle.exists<br /> or subjectSpace == 2<br /> or subjectSpace == 828<br /> or subjectSpace == 10<br /> )<br /> then<br /> return nil<br /> end<br /> <br /> -- Assemble the link box.<br /> local text = &#039;&#039;<br /> if linkBox then<br /> text = text .. linkBox<br /> else<br /> text = text .. (p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) or &#039;&#039;) -- &quot;This documentation is transcluded from [[Foo]].&quot; <br /> if subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 10 or subjectSpace == 828 then<br /> -- We are in the user, template or module namespaces.<br /> -- Add sandbox and testcases links.<br /> -- &quot;Editors can experiment in this template&#039;s sandbox and testcases pages.&quot;<br /> text = text .. (p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) or &#039;&#039;) .. &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&#039;<br /> if not args.content and not args[1] then<br /> -- &quot;Please add categories to the /doc subpage.&quot;<br /> -- Don&#039;t show this message with inline docs or with an explicitly specified doc page,<br /> -- as then it is unclear where to add the categories.<br /> text = text .. (p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) or &#039;&#039;)<br /> end<br /> text = text .. &#039; &#039; .. (p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) or &#039;&#039;) --&quot;Subpages of this template&quot;<br /> local printBlurb = p.makePrintBlurb(args, env) -- Two-line blurb about print versions of templates.<br /> if printBlurb then<br /> text = text .. &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&#039; .. printBlurb<br /> end<br /> end<br /> end<br /> <br /> local box = mw.html.create(&#039;div&#039;)<br /> -- &#039;documentation-metadata&#039;<br /> box:attr(&#039;role&#039;, &#039;note&#039;)<br /> :addClass(message(&#039;end-box-class&#039;))<br /> -- &#039;plainlinks&#039;<br /> :addClass(message(&#039;end-box-plainlinks&#039;))<br /> :wikitext(text)<br /> :done()<br /> <br /> return &#039;\n&#039; .. tostring(box)<br /> end<br /> <br /> function p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env)<br /> --[=[<br /> -- Makes the blurb &quot;This documentation is transcluded from [[Template:Foo]] (edit, history)&quot;.<br /> -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user<br /> -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment<br /> -- <br /> -- Messages:<br /> -- &#039;edit-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;edit&#039;<br /> -- &#039;history-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;history&#039;<br /> -- &#039;transcluded-from-blurb&#039; --&gt; <br /> -- &#039;The above [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] <br /> -- is [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] from $1.&#039;<br /> -- &#039;module-preload&#039; --&gt; &#039;Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc&#039;<br /> -- &#039;create-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;create&#039;<br /> -- &#039;create-module-doc-blurb&#039; --&gt;<br /> -- &#039;You might want to $1 a documentation page for this [[Wikipedia:Lua|Scribunto module]].&#039;<br /> --]=]<br /> local docTitle = env.docTitle<br /> if not docTitle then<br /> return nil<br /> end<br /> local ret<br /> if docTitle.exists then<br /> -- /doc exists; link to it.<br /> local docLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText)<br /> local editUrl = docTitle:fullUrl{action = &#039;edit&#039;}<br /> local editDisplay = message(&#039;edit-link-display&#039;)<br /> local editLink = makeUrlLink(editUrl, editDisplay)<br /> local historyUrl = docTitle:fullUrl{action = &#039;history&#039;}<br /> local historyDisplay = message(&#039;history-link-display&#039;)<br /> local historyLink = makeUrlLink(historyUrl, historyDisplay)<br /> ret = message(&#039;transcluded-from-blurb&#039;, {docLink})<br /> .. &#039; &#039;<br /> .. makeToolbar(editLink, historyLink)<br /> .. &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&#039;<br /> elseif env.subjectSpace == 828 then<br /> -- /doc does not exist; ask to create it.<br /> local createUrl = docTitle:fullUrl{action = &#039;edit&#039;, preload = message(&#039;module-preload&#039;)}<br /> local createDisplay = message(&#039;create-link-display&#039;)<br /> local createLink = makeUrlLink(createUrl, createDisplay)<br /> ret = message(&#039;create-module-doc-blurb&#039;, {createLink})<br /> .. &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&#039;<br /> end<br /> return ret<br /> end<br /> <br /> function p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env)<br /> --[[<br /> -- Renders the text &quot;Editors can experiment in this template&#039;s sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit) pages.&quot;<br /> -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user<br /> -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment<br /> -- <br /> -- Messages:<br /> -- &#039;sandbox-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;sandbox&#039;<br /> -- &#039;sandbox-edit-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;edit&#039;<br /> -- &#039;compare-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;diff&#039;<br /> -- &#039;module-sandbox-preload&#039; --&gt; &#039;Template:Documentation/preload-module-sandbox&#039;<br /> -- &#039;template-sandbox-preload&#039; --&gt; &#039;Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox&#039;<br /> -- &#039;sandbox-create-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;create&#039;<br /> -- &#039;mirror-edit-summary&#039; --&gt; &#039;Create sandbox version of $1&#039;<br /> -- &#039;mirror-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;mirror&#039;<br /> -- &#039;mirror-link-preload&#039; --&gt; &#039;Template:Documentation/mirror&#039;<br /> -- &#039;sandbox-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;sandbox&#039;<br /> -- &#039;testcases-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;testcases&#039;<br /> -- &#039;testcases-edit-link-display&#039;--&gt; &#039;edit&#039;<br /> -- &#039;template-sandbox-preload&#039; --&gt; &#039;Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox&#039;<br /> -- &#039;testcases-create-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;create&#039;<br /> -- &#039;testcases-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;testcases&#039;<br /> -- &#039;testcases-edit-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;edit&#039;<br /> -- &#039;module-testcases-preload&#039; --&gt; &#039;Template:Documentation/preload-module-testcases&#039;<br /> -- &#039;template-testcases-preload&#039; --&gt; &#039;Template:Documentation/preload-testcases&#039;<br /> -- &#039;experiment-blurb-module&#039; --&gt; &#039;Editors can experiment in this module&#039;s $1 and $2 pages.&#039;<br /> -- &#039;experiment-blurb-template&#039; --&gt; &#039;Editors can experiment in this template&#039;s $1 and $2 pages.&#039;<br /> --]]<br /> local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace<br /> local templateTitle = env.templateTitle<br /> local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle<br /> local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle<br /> local templatePage = templateTitle.prefixedText<br /> if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle or not sandboxTitle or not testcasesTitle then<br /> return nil<br /> end<br /> -- Make links.<br /> local sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks<br /> if sandboxTitle.exists then<br /> local sandboxPage = sandboxTitle.prefixedText<br /> local sandboxDisplay = message(&#039;sandbox-link-display&#039;)<br /> local sandboxLink = makeWikilink(sandboxPage, sandboxDisplay)<br /> local sandboxEditUrl = sandboxTitle:fullUrl{action = &#039;edit&#039;}<br /> local sandboxEditDisplay = message(&#039;sandbox-edit-link-display&#039;)<br /> local sandboxEditLink = makeUrlLink(sandboxEditUrl, sandboxEditDisplay)<br /> local compareUrl = env.compareUrl<br /> local compareLink<br /> if compareUrl then<br /> local compareDisplay = message(&#039;compare-link-display&#039;)<br /> compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay)<br /> end<br /> sandboxLinks = sandboxLink .. &#039; &#039; .. makeToolbar(sandboxEditLink, compareLink)<br /> else<br /> local sandboxPreload<br /> if subjectSpace == 828 then<br /> sandboxPreload = message(&#039;module-sandbox-preload&#039;)<br /> else<br /> sandboxPreload = message(&#039;template-sandbox-preload&#039;)<br /> end<br /> local sandboxCreateUrl = sandboxTitle:fullUrl{action = &#039;edit&#039;, preload = sandboxPreload}<br /> local sandboxCreateDisplay = message(&#039;sandbox-create-link-display&#039;)<br /> local sandboxCreateLink = makeUrlLink(sandboxCreateUrl, sandboxCreateDisplay)<br /> local mirrorSummary = message(&#039;mirror-edit-summary&#039;, {makeWikilink(templatePage)})<br /> local mirrorPreload = message(&#039;mirror-link-preload&#039;)<br /> local mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:fullUrl{action = &#039;edit&#039;, preload = mirrorPreload, summary = mirrorSummary}<br /> if subjectSpace == 828 then<br /> mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:fullUrl{action = &#039;edit&#039;, preload = templateTitle.prefixedText, summary = mirrorSummary}<br /> end<br /> local mirrorDisplay = message(&#039;mirror-link-display&#039;)<br /> local mirrorLink = makeUrlLink(mirrorUrl, mirrorDisplay)<br /> sandboxLinks = message(&#039;sandbox-link-display&#039;) .. &#039; &#039; .. makeToolbar(sandboxCreateLink, mirrorLink)<br /> end<br /> if testcasesTitle.exists then<br /> local testcasesPage = testcasesTitle.prefixedText<br /> local testcasesDisplay = message(&#039;testcases-link-display&#039;)<br /> local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesPage, testcasesDisplay)<br /> local testcasesEditUrl = testcasesTitle:fullUrl{action = &#039;edit&#039;}<br /> local testcasesEditDisplay = message(&#039;testcases-edit-link-display&#039;)<br /> local testcasesEditLink = makeUrlLink(testcasesEditUrl, testcasesEditDisplay)<br /> -- for Modules, add testcases run link if exists<br /> if testcasesTitle.contentModel == &quot;Scribunto&quot; and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.exists then<br /> local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message(&#039;testcases-run-link-display&#039;)<br /> local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay)<br /> testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. &#039; &#039; .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink, testcasesRunLink)<br /> else<br /> testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. &#039; &#039; .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink)<br /> end<br /> else<br /> local testcasesPreload<br /> if subjectSpace == 828 then<br /> testcasesPreload = message(&#039;module-testcases-preload&#039;)<br /> else<br /> testcasesPreload = message(&#039;template-testcases-preload&#039;)<br /> end<br /> local testcasesCreateUrl = testcasesTitle:fullUrl{action = &#039;edit&#039;, preload = testcasesPreload}<br /> local testcasesCreateDisplay = message(&#039;testcases-create-link-display&#039;)<br /> local testcasesCreateLink = makeUrlLink(testcasesCreateUrl, testcasesCreateDisplay)<br /> testcasesLinks = message(&#039;testcases-link-display&#039;) .. &#039; &#039; .. makeToolbar(testcasesCreateLink)<br /> end<br /> local messageName<br /> if subjectSpace == 828 then<br /> messageName = &#039;experiment-blurb-module&#039;<br /> else<br /> messageName = &#039;experiment-blurb-template&#039;<br /> end<br /> return message(messageName, {sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks})<br /> end<br /> <br /> function p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env)<br /> --[[<br /> -- Generates the text &quot;Please add categories to the /doc subpage.&quot;<br /> -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user<br /> -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment<br /> -- Messages:<br /> -- &#039;doc-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;/doc&#039;<br /> -- &#039;add-categories-blurb&#039; --&gt; &#039;Please add categories to the $1 subpage.&#039;<br /> --]]<br /> local docTitle = env.docTitle<br /> if not docTitle then<br /> return nil<br /> end<br /> local docPathLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, message(&#039;doc-link-display&#039;))<br /> return message(&#039;add-categories-blurb&#039;, {docPathLink})<br /> end<br /> <br /> function p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env)<br /> --[[<br /> -- Generates the &quot;Subpages of this template&quot; link.<br /> -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user<br /> -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment<br /> <br /> -- Messages:<br /> -- &#039;template-pagetype&#039; --&gt; &#039;template&#039;<br /> -- &#039;module-pagetype&#039; --&gt; &#039;module&#039;<br /> -- &#039;default-pagetype&#039; --&gt; &#039;page&#039;<br /> -- &#039;subpages-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;Subpages of this $1&#039;<br /> --]]<br /> local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace<br /> local templateTitle = env.templateTitle<br /> if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle then<br /> return nil<br /> end<br /> local pagetype<br /> if subjectSpace == 10 then<br /> pagetype = message(&#039;template-pagetype&#039;)<br /> elseif subjectSpace == 828 then<br /> pagetype = message(&#039;module-pagetype&#039;)<br /> else<br /> pagetype = message(&#039;default-pagetype&#039;)<br /> end<br /> local subpagesLink = makeWikilink(<br /> &#039;Special:PrefixIndex/&#039; .. templateTitle.prefixedText .. &#039;/&#039;,<br /> message(&#039;subpages-link-display&#039;, {pagetype})<br /> )<br /> return message(&#039;subpages-blurb&#039;, {subpagesLink})<br /> end<br /> <br /> function p.makePrintBlurb(args, env)<br /> --[=[<br /> -- Generates the blurb displayed when there is a print version of the template available.<br /> -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user<br /> -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment<br /> --<br /> -- Messages:<br /> -- &#039;print-link-display&#039; --&gt; &#039;/Print&#039;<br /> -- &#039;print-blurb&#039; --&gt; &#039;A [[Help:Books/for experts#Improving the book layout|print version]]&#039;<br /> -- .. &#039; of this template exists at $1.&#039;<br /> -- .. &#039; If you make a change to this template, please update the print version as well.&#039;<br /> -- &#039;display-print-category&#039; --&gt; true<br /> -- &#039;print-category&#039; --&gt; &#039;Templates with print versions&#039;<br /> --]=]<br /> local printTitle = env.printTitle<br /> if not printTitle then<br /> return nil<br /> end<br /> local ret<br /> if printTitle.exists then<br /> local printLink = makeWikilink(printTitle.prefixedText, message(&#039;print-link-display&#039;))<br /> ret = message(&#039;print-blurb&#039;, {printLink})<br /> local displayPrintCategory = message(&#039;display-print-category&#039;, nil, &#039;boolean&#039;)<br /> if displayPrintCategory then<br /> ret = ret .. makeCategoryLink(message(&#039;print-category&#039;))<br /> end<br /> end<br /> return ret<br /> end<br /> <br /> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> -- Tracking categories<br /> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /> <br /> function p.addTrackingCategories(env)<br /> --[[<br /> -- Check if {{documentation}} is transcluded on a /doc or /testcases page.<br /> -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment<br /> <br /> -- Messages:<br /> -- &#039;display-strange-usage-category&#039; --&gt; true<br /> -- &#039;doc-subpage&#039; --&gt; &#039;doc&#039;<br /> -- &#039;testcases-subpage&#039; --&gt; &#039;testcases&#039;<br /> -- &#039;strange-usage-category&#039; --&gt; &#039;Wikipedia pages with strange ((documentation)) usage&#039;<br /> -- <br /> -- /testcases pages in the module namespace are not categorised, as they may have<br /> -- {{documentation}} transcluded automatically.<br /> --]]<br /> local title = env.title<br /> local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace<br /> if not title or not subjectSpace then<br /> return nil<br /> end<br /> local subpage = title.subpageText<br /> local ret = &#039;&#039;<br /> if message(&#039;display-strange-usage-category&#039;, nil, &#039;boolean&#039;)<br /> and (<br /> subpage == message(&#039;doc-subpage&#039;)<br /> or subjectSpace ~= 828 and subpage == message(&#039;testcases-subpage&#039;)<br /> )<br /> then<br /> ret = ret .. makeCategoryLink(message(&#039;strange-usage-category&#039;))<br /> end<br /> return ret<br /> end<br /> <br /> return p</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Transclude&diff=1985 2022-11-12T18:10:20Z

<p>DavidWhitten: Created page with &quot;{{#switch: {{NAMESPACE: {{{1}}} }} |#default = {{FULLPAGENAME: {{{1}}} }} &lt;!-- eg &quot;User:Foo&quot; --&gt; |{{ns:0}} = {{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACE: {{{1}}} }} | {{NAMESPACE: Template{{{...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{#switch: {{NAMESPACE: {{{1}}} }}<br /> |#default = {{FULLPAGENAME: {{{1}}} }} &lt;!-- eg &quot;User:Foo&quot; --&gt;<br /> |{{ns:0}} = <br /> {{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACE: {{{1}}} }} | {{NAMESPACE: Template{{{1}}} }}<br /> | Template:{{{1}}} &lt;!-- no leading colon, eg &quot;Foo&quot; --&gt;<br /> | {{PAGENAME: {{{1}}} }} &lt;!-- leading colon, eg &quot;:Foo&quot;, so we want the article --&gt;<br /> }}<br /> }}&lt;noinclude&gt;<br /> {{documentation}}<br /> &lt;/noinclude&gt;</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Cc-by-sa-layout&diff=1984 2022-11-12T18:08:46Z

<p>DavidWhitten: Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Cc-by-sa-layout/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;!-- --&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;responsive-license-cc layouttemplate licensetpl mw-content-{{dir|{{int:lang}}}}&quot; lang=&quot;{{in...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Cc-by-sa-layout/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--<br /> --&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;responsive-license-cc layouttemplate licensetpl mw-content-{{dir|{{int:lang}}}}&quot; lang=&quot;{{int:lang}}&quot;&gt;&lt;!--<br /> --&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;rlicense-icons&quot;&gt;[[File:CC some rights reserved.svg|90px|link=|[[{{int:wm-license-cc-wiki-link}}]]]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[File:Cc-by new white.svg|24px|link=|{{int:wm-license-cc-conditions-attribution-header}}]] [[File:Cc-sa white.svg|24px|link=|{{int:wm-license-cc-conditions-share_alike-header}}]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--<br /> --&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;rlicense-text&quot;&gt;&lt;!--<br /> --&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;rlicense-declaration&quot;&gt;{{int:wm-license-cc-by-sa-{{{version|}}}{{#if:{{{country|}}}|-{{{country}}}}}-text}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--<br /> --&gt;{{#if:{{{attribution|}}}|&lt;div class=&quot;rlicense-attr&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;{{int:wm-license-cc-attribution|}}: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot; class=&quot;licensetpl_attr&quot;&gt;{{{attribution}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; }}&lt;!--<br /> --&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;rlicense-desc&quot; style=&quot;text-align:{{#ifeq:{{Dir|{{int:lang}}}}|ltr|left|right}};&quot; lang=&quot;{{int:lang}}&quot;&gt;<br /> :{{int:wm-license-cc-free}}<br /> :* &#039;&#039;&#039;{{int:wm-license-cc-free-to-share-header}}&#039;&#039;&#039; – {{int:wm-license-cc-free-to-share-text}}<br /> :* &#039;&#039;&#039;{{int:wm-license-cc-free-to-remix-header}}&#039;&#039;&#039; – {{int:wm-license-cc-free-to-remix-text}}<br /> :{{int:wm-license-cc-conditions}}<br /> :* &#039;&#039;&#039;{{int:wm-license-cc-conditions-attribution-header}}&#039;&#039;&#039; – {{int:wm-license-cc-conditions-attribution-text}}<br /> :* &#039;&#039;&#039;{{int:wm-license-cc-conditions-share_alike-header}}&#039;&#039;&#039; – {{#ifeq: {{{version}}} | 1.0 | {{int:Wm-license-cc-conditions-share alike-text (Cc-by-sa-1.0)}} | {{int:wm-license-cc-conditions-share_alike-text}} }}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--<br /> --&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;licensetpl_link&quot; style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://&lt;/nowiki&gt;creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/{{#if: {{{recversion|}}} | {{{recversion}}} | {{{version}}} }}{{#if:{{{country|}}}|/{{{country}}}/deed.en}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--<br /> --&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;licensetpl_short&quot; style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;CC BY-SA {{#if: {{{recversion|}}} | {{{recversion}}} | {{{version}}} }} {{{country|}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--<br /> --&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;licensetpl_long&quot; style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike {{#if: {{{recversion|}}} | {{{recversion}}} | {{{version}}} }} {{{country|}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--<br /> --&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;licensetpl_link_req&quot; style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;true&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;licensetpl_attr_req&quot; style=&quot;display:none;&quot;&gt;true&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--<br /> --&gt;{{#if:{{{country|}}} | &lt;div class=&quot;rlicense-country&quot;&gt;[[{{Cc-country-flags|{{{country}}}}}|90px|border|link=|center]]&lt;/div&gt;}}&lt;!--<br /> --&gt;&lt;/div&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|File|{{SDC_statement_exist<br /> |property=P6216<br /> |negative_category=Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike missing SDC copyright status<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> {{License template tag}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;<br /> {{heavily used template}}<br /> {{documentation}}<br /> <br /> &lt;/noinclude&gt;</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Heavily_used_template&diff=1983 2022-11-12T18:06:21Z

<p>DavidWhitten: Created page with &quot;&lt;!--!&gt;&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;!--!&gt;</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Cc-by-sa-3.0&diff=1982 2022-11-12T18:05:49Z

<p>DavidWhitten: Created page with &quot;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{heavily used template}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{Cc-by-sa-layout |version=3.0 |country= |attribution={{{attribution|{{{1|}}}}}} }}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|File|{{{c...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;noinclude&gt;{{heavily used template}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{Cc-by-sa-layout<br /> |version=3.0<br /> |country=<br /> |attribution={{{attribution|{{{1|}}}}}}<br /> }}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|File|{{{category|[[Category:CC-BY-SA-3.0|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}}<br /> {{SDC_statement_has_value<br /> |property = P275<br /> |value = Q14946043<br /> |missing_category = Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 missing SDC copyright license<br /> |mismatching_category = Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 with different SDC copyright license<br /> }}<br /> }}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;<br /> <br /> {{In category|CC-BY-SA-3.0}}<br /> <br /> {{documentation}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:CC license tags|{{PAGENAME}}]]<br /> [[Category:License tags attribution|{{PAGENAME}}]]<br /> [[Category:License tags share-alike|{{PAGENAME}}]]<br /> <br /> &lt;/noinclude&gt;</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:CopyrightByWikimedia&diff=1981 2022-11-12T18:02:28Z

<p>DavidWhitten: Created page with &quot;{{Wikimedia trademark}}&lt;!-- --&gt;{{Cc-by-sa-3.0}}&lt;includeonly&gt;Category:Trademarked by the Wikimedia Foundation&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;Category:License templates&lt;/noincl...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Wikimedia trademark}}&lt;!--<br /> --&gt;{{Cc-by-sa-3.0}}&lt;includeonly&gt;[[Category:Trademarked by the Wikimedia Foundation]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Category:License templates]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Licenses&diff=1980 2022-11-12T18:00:35Z

<p>DavidWhitten: Created page with &quot;* Unknown_copyright|I don&#039;t know exactly * Free licenses: ** MW-screenshot|MediaWiki screenshot ** PD|PD: public domain ** CC-by-sa-2.5|Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>* Unknown_copyright|I don&#039;t know exactly<br /> * Free licenses:<br /> ** MW-screenshot|MediaWiki screenshot<br /> ** PD|PD: public domain<br /> ** CC-by-sa-2.5|Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 2.5 <br /> ** GFDL|GFDL: GNU Free Documentation License<br /> ** GPL|GPL: GNU General Public License<br /> ** LGPL|LGPL: GNU Lesser General Public License<br /> * Non-free license (exception):<br /> ** CopyrightByWikimedia|Wikimedia images</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Giambattista_Amati&diff=1979 2022-11-09T20:02:46Z

<p>DavidWhitten: Created page with &quot;= Giambattista Amati PhD = Computing Science Ugo Bordoni Italy https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Giambattista-Amati&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>= Giambattista Amati PhD =<br /> Computing Science <br /> Ugo Bordoni<br /> Italy<br /> <br /> https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Giambattista-Amati</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Image_Schema&diff=1978 2022-09-09T23:28:43Z

<p>DavidWhitten: /* Problems with Literature describing Image Schema */</p> <hr /> <div>= definitions =<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: (1987 xiv) An image schema is a recurring, dynamic pattern of our perceptual interactions and motor <br /> programs that gives coherence and structure to our experience.<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: &quot;structure indefinitely many perceptions, images, and events&quot;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Johnson&#039;&#039;&#039;: (1987) emerge as meaningful structures for us chiefly at the level of our bodily movements through space, our manipulations of objects, and our perceptual interaction<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Lakoff and Turner, 1989: 97&#039;&#039;&#039; thus when we understand a scene, we naturally structure it in terms of such elementary image-schemas&quot;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Lakoff and Turner, 1980, Ch 9, 15-17&#039;&#039;&#039; : image schema allow metaphors to cohere and be structured. <br /> Metaphors may cohere if their source domains are special cases of a more general one. <br /> specialized forms of {{Metaphor|LIFE AS CYCLE}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS JOURNEY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS DAY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS YEAR}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FLAME}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FIRE}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS PRECIOUS POSSESSION}}<br /> <br /> Life is a frequent target domain of metaphors. According to the relevant literature, 24 possible metaphorical source domains of life can be found (e.g.<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS ADVENTURE}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FIRE}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS LIQUID}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS HISTORY}},<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS GAMBLING GAME}} etc.).<br /> <br /> <br /> specialized forms of {{Metaphor|LIFE AS WAXING AND WANING CYCLE OF HEAT AND LIGHT}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS DAY}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFETIME AS YEAR}}<br /> * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FLAME}}<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Oakley&#039;&#039;&#039;: (2006)...a condensed re-description of perceptual experience for the purpose of mapping spatial structure onto conceptual structure.<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Hampe&#039;&#039;&#039; [2005], is that image schemas are “...directly meaningful (“experiential”/“embodied”), pre-conceptual structures, which arise from or are grounded in human recurrent bodily movements through space, perceptual interactions and ways of manipulating objects”. Further, she points out that it follows that they are highly schematic {{ImageSchema|Gestalts}} that capture the structural contours of sensory-motor experience, integrating information from multiple modalities and exist as continuous and analogue patterns beneath conscious awareness, prior to and independently of other concepts; and are both internally structured and highly flexible.<br /> Image schemas are integrally tied to perception and motor function, but serve as the bridge to higher-level cognition.<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Michael Sinding&#039;&#039;&#039; Image schemas are simple, skeletal spatial relations concepts with a small number of parts and relations<br /> <br /> = Problems with Literature describing Image Schema = <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Definitions&#039;&#039;&#039; don&#039;t provide individuation criteria <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Structure Problem&#039;&#039;&#039; : difficult to identify what constructs qualify to be defined by an image schema as similar structures are under the same image schema<br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Categorisation Problem&#039;&#039;&#039; : difficult to determine which image schema a particular construct belongs to. <br /> * &#039;&#039;&#039;Static vs Dynamic&#039;&#039;&#039; Problem<br /> * [[Maria M. Hedblom]], [[O. Kutz]], [[R. Peñaloza]] , [[G. Guizzardi]] static forms (e.g. Link, Containment and Center Periphery) and in dynamic, temporally-dependent forms (e.g. Linked Path, Going In and Revolving Movement) <br /> *: Bennett and Cialone list eight kinds of static {{ImageSchema|Containment}} not including {{ImageSchema|In}} and {{ImageSchema|Out}}<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema Categories}} =<br /> In general, {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema}}s ({{ImageSchema|Static}}) fall into one of these categories: {{ImageSchema|Orientational}}, {{ImageSchema|Topological}}, and {{ImageSchema|Forcedynamic}}. <br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Orientational}} ==<br /> it specifies an orientation in space relative to the gravitational pull one feels on one’s body. Usually a human orientation<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Above}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Below}} ===<br /> <br /> === {{ImageSchema|Up}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Down}} ===<br /> <br /> === {{ImageSchema|Center}} ===<br /> === {{ImageSchema|Periphery}} ===<br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Topological}} ==<br /> there are a number of topological schemas : <br /> <br /> * a {{ImageSchema|Topological schema}} of {{ImageSchema|Contact}} indicates an absence of a gap.<br /> <br /> == {{ImageSchema|Forcedynamic}} ==<br /> there are several schemas that are forcedynamic in nature;<br /> it indicates the direction and nature of a {{ImageSchema|Force}}<br /> * in the {{ImageSchema|Support}} {{ImageSchema|Support Force}} {{ImageSchema|Balance|balance}} to allow the {{ImageSchema|Supportee|supportee}} to stay on the {{ImageSchema|Surface|surface}} of the {{ImageSchema|Supporter}}.<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Dynamic Image Schema Categories}} =<br /> shaped by culture and context (Hampe et al. 2005)<br /> <br /> from Gibbs and Steen (1999) and Hampe (2005) <br /> : {{ImageSchema|Concrete Concept}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Abstract Concept}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Image Schema}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Metaphor}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Event}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Word}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Story}}<br /> <br /> from Michael Sinding 2011 pp 239-257<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Substance}} vs {{ImageSchema|Surface}}<br /> * kinds of {{ImageSchema|Process}} {{ImageSchema|Vessel}}<br /> *: {{ImageSchema|Inflation}} vs {{ImageSchema|Deflation}}<br /> <br /> * {{ImageSchema|Lexical Items}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Concrete Images}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Concrete Events}}<br /> <br /> from Don Freeman (1999) {{ImageSchema|Dynamic Image Schema}} amalgam of {{ImageSchema|Container}} and {{ImageSchema|Link}}s and {{ImageSchema|Path}} provide a three stage progression in &#039;&#039;Antony and Cleopatra&#039;&#039; over figurative language imagery, plot, stage, offstage, business, and character.<br /> <br /> * {{ImageSchema|Surface}} vs {{ImageSchema|Depth}} in {{ImageSchema|Surface_Depth}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Part}} vs {{ImageSchema|Whole}} in {{ImageSchema|Part_Whole}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Sequence}} vs {{ImageSchema|Causality}}<br /> *: (DJW vs {{ImageSchema|Coincidence}} )<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Event}} vs {{ImageSchema|Scene}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Vertical Displacement}} <br /> <br /> Relations between two metaphor systems are contrast/complementation vs coherence.<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Up}} vs {{ImageSchema|Down}} is a {{ImageSchema|Vertical Scale}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Gaseous Substance}} {{ImageSchema|Liquid Substance}} and {{ImageSchema|Solid Substance}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Inflation}} deforms a {{ImageSchema|Container}}<br /> <br /> = {{ImageSchema|Spatial Schema}}s {{ImageSchema|Temporal_Schema}}s =<br /> Image Schematic Components hierarchy based on specific or complexity ( Mandler and Canovas 2014)<br /> <br /> 1) Spatial primitives first building blocs to understand perception<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Path}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Containment}}<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Container}} (exterior)<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Boundary}} (surface)<br /> ** {{ImageSchema|Contents}} (Interior)<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Thing}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Contact}}<br /> <br /> 2) Image Schemas : representation of simple spatial events using spatial primitives<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Path of Thing}}<br /> * {{ImageSchema|Thing into Container}}<br /> <br /> 3) Schematic integrations - including non-spatial elements: emotions, non-spatial perception<br /> <br /> == Space Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Space}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Location}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Up_Down}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Up}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Down}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Front_Back}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Front}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Back}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Left_Right}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Left}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Right}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Near_Far}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Near}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Far}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Verticality}},<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Center_Periphery}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Center}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Periphery}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Straight}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Contact}}<br /> <br /> == Force Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Force}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Compulsion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Blockage}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Diversion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Counterforce}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Restraint}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Resistance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Attraction}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Enablement}}<br /> <br /> == Contain Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Containment}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Container}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Content}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|In_Out}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|In}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Out}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Surface}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Separator}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Full-Empty}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Full}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Empty}})<br /> <br /> == Movement Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Locomotion}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Momentum}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Path}}<br /> <br /> == Balance Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Axis Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Twin-Pan Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Point Balance}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Equilibrium}}<br /> <br /> == Object Image Schemas ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Identity}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Matching}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Superimposition}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Existence}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Removal}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Bounded space}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Cycle}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Object}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Process}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Agent}}<br /> <br /> == Multiple Objects ==<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Multiplicity}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Merging}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Collection}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Splitting}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Iteration}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Part_Whole}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Part}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Whole}})<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Linkage}}<br /> : {{ImageSchema|Count-Mass}}<br /> :: ({{ImageSchema|Count}}<br /> :: {{ImageSchema|Mass}})<br /> <br /> <br /> {{subpages-name}}</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Robert_F._Hadley&diff=1977 2022-07-05T15:18:10Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>=== &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;A Process-Oriented, Intensional Model of Knowledge and Belief&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;===<br /> Book: The Tenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society<br /> By: [[Robert F. Hadley]]<br /> Edition: 1st Edition<br /> First Published: 1988<br /> Imprint Psychology Press<br /> Pages: 7<br /> eBook ISBN 9781315807812</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Robert_F._Hadley&diff=1976 2022-07-05T15:05:38Z

<p>DavidWhitten: Created page with &quot;=== A Process-Oriented, Intensional Model of Knowledge and Belief === Book: The Tenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society By: Robert F. Hadley Edition:...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>=== A Process-Oriented, Intensional Model of Knowledge and Belief ===<br /> Book: The Tenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society<br /> By: [[Robert F. Hadley]]<br /> Edition: 1st Edition<br /> First Published: 1988<br /> Imprint Psychology Press<br /> Pages: 7<br /> eBook ISBN 9781315807812</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Papers&diff=1975 2022-07-05T15:03:13Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>= Authors =<br /> <br /> == [[Doug Foxvog]] ==<br /> <br /> == [[Robert F. Hadley]] ==<br /> <br /> == [[Robert Kahlert]] ==<br /> <br /> == [[Doug Lenat]] ==</div>

DavidWhitten https://pdkb.chivanet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Papers&diff=1974 2022-07-05T15:02:01Z

<p>DavidWhitten: </p> <hr /> <div>= Authors =<br /> <br /> == [[Doug Foxvog]] ==<br /> <br /> == [[Robert F. Hadley]] ==<br /> === A Process-Oriented, Intensional Model of Knowledge and Belief ===<br /> By [[Robert F. Hadley]]<br /> <br /> Book: The Tenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society<br /> Edition: 1st Edition<br /> First Published: 1988<br /> Imprint Psychology Press<br /> Pages: 7<br /> eBook ISBN 9781315807812<br /> <br /> == [[Robert Kahlert]] ==<br /> <br /> == [[Doug Lenat]] ==</div>

DavidWhitten