ImageSchema - Revision history

DavidWhitten: Redirected page to Image Schema

2020-12-02T14:57:34Z

Redirected page to Image Schema

DavidWhitten at 22:52, 1 December 2020

2020-12-01T22:52:18Z

DavidWhitten: DavidWhitten moved page Image Schema to ImageSchema

2020-12-01T22:33:57Z

DavidWhitten moved page Image Schema to ImageSchema

DavidWhitten at 22:32, 1 December 2020

2020-12-01T22:32:29Z

DavidWhitten at 22:23, 1 December 2020

2020-12-01T22:23:56Z

Show changes

DavidWhitten: /* Forcedynamic */

2020-11-27T04:36:59Z

‎Forcedynamic

DavidWhitten: Created page with "= definitions = '''Johnson''': (1987 xiv) An image schema is a recurring, dynamic pattern of our perceptual interactions and motor programs that gives coherence and structu..."

2020-11-27T04:32:07Z

Created page with "= definitions = '''Johnson''': (1987 xiv) An image schema is a recurring, dynamic pattern of our perceptual interactions and motor programs that gives coherence and structu..."

New page

= definitions =
'''Johnson''': (1987 xiv) An image schema is a recurring, dynamic pattern of our perceptual interactions and motor
programs that gives coherence and structure to our experience.
'''Johnson''': "structure indefinitely many perceptions, images, and events"
'''Johnson''': (1987) emerge as meaningful structures for us chieﬂy at the level of our bodily movements through space, our manipulations of objects, and our perceptual interaction

'''Lakoff and Turner, 1989: 97''' thus when we understand a scene, we naturally structure it in terms of such elementary image-schemas"
'''Lakoff and Turner, 1980, Ch 9, 15-17''' : image schema allow metaphors to cohere and be structured.
Metaphors may cohere if their source domains are special cases of a more general one.
specialized forms of [[Metaphor/LIFE AS CYCLE]]
* [[Metaphor/LIFE AS JOURNEY]]
* [[Metaphor/LIFETIME AS DAY]]
* [[Metaphor/LIFETIME AS YEAR]]
* [[Metaphor/LIFE AS FLAME]]
* [[Metaphor/LIFE AS FIRE]]
* [[Metaphor/LIFE AS PRECIOUS POSSESSION]]

specialized forms of [[Metaphor/LIFE AS WAXING AND WANING CYCLE OF HEAT AND LIGHT]]
* [[Metaphor/LIFETIME AS DAY]]
*[[Metaphor/LIFETIME AS YEAR]]
* [[Metaphor/LIFE AS FLAME]]

'''Oakley''': (2006)...a condensed re-description of perceptual experience for the purpose of mapping spatial structure onto conceptual structure.

'''Hampe''' [2005], is that image schemas are “...directly meaningful (“experiential”/“embodied”), pre-conceptual structures, which arise from or are grounded in human recurrent bodily movements through space, perceptual interactions and ways of manipulating objects”. Further, she points out that it follows that they are highly schematic [[Image Schema/Gestalt|Gestalts]] that capture the structural contours of sensory-motor experience, integrating information from multiple modalities and exist as continuous and analogue patterns beneath conscious awareness, prior to and independently of other concepts; and are both internally structured and highly ﬂexible.
Image schemas are integrally tied to perception and motor function, but serve as the bridge to higher-level cognition.

'''Michael Sinding''' Image schemas are simple, skeletal spatial relations concepts with a small number of parts and relations

= Problems =
Definitions don't provide individuation criteria
* Structure Problem : difficult to identify what constructs qualify to be defined by an image schema as similar structures are under the same image schema
* Categorisation Problem : difficult to determine which image schema a particular construct belongs to.
* Bennett and Cialone eight kinds of static [[Image Schema/Containment]] not including [[Image Schema/In]] and [[Image Schema/Out]]

= [[Static Image Schema Categories]] =
In general, [[Static Image Schema]]s ([[Image Schema/Static]]) fall into one of these categories: [[Image Schema/Orientational]], [[Image Schema/Topological]], and [[Image Schema/Forcedynamic]].

== [[Orientational]] ==
it specifies an orientation in space relative to the gravitational pull one feels on one’s body. Usually a human orientation
* [[Image Schema/Above]]
* [[Image Schema/Below]]
* [[Image Schema/Up]]
* [[Image Schema/Down]]
* [[Image Schema/Center]]
* [[Image Schema/Periphery]]

== [[Topological]] ==
there are a number of topological schemas :

* a [[Topological schema]] of [[Image Schema/Contact]] indicates an absence of a gap.

== [[Forcedynamic]] ==
there are several schemas that are forcedynamic in nature; it indicates the direction and nature of a [[Image Schema/Force]]
* [[Support]] forces balance to allow the [[Image Schema/Supportee]] to stay on the [[Image Schema/Surface]] of the [[Image Schema/Supporter]].

= [[Dynamic Image Schema Categories]] =
shaped by culture and context (Hampe et al. 2005)

from Gibbs and Steen (1999) and Hampe (2005)
[[Concrete Concept]] [[Abstract Concept]] [[Image Schema]] [[Metaphor]] [[Event]] [[Word]] [[Story]]

from Michael Sinding 2011 pp 239-257
[[Image Schema/Substance]] vs [[Image Schema/Surface]]
[[Image Schema/Inflation]] vs [[Image Schema/Deflation]] kinds of [[Image Schema/Process]] [[Image Schema/Vessel]]
[[Lexical Items]] and [[Concrete Images]] and [[Concrete Events]]

from Don Freeman (1999) [[Dynamic Image Schema]] amalgam of [[Image Schema/Container]] and [[Image Schema/Link]]s and [[Image Schema/Path]] provide a three stage progression in ''Antony and Cleopatra'' over figurative language imagery, plot, stage, offstage, business, and character.

[[Image Schema/Surface]] vs [[Image Schema/Depth]] in [[Image Schema/Surface Depth]]
[[Image Schema/Part]] vs [[Image Schema/Whole]] in [[Image Schema/Part Whole]]
[[Image Schema/Sequence]] vs [[Image Schema/Causality]]
[[Image Schema/Event]] vs [[Image Schema/Scene]]
[[Image Schema/Vertical Displacement]]
relations between two metaphor systems are contrast/complementation vs coherence.
[[Image Schema/Up]] vs [[Image Schema/Down]] is a [[Image Schema/Vertical Scale]]
[[Image Schema/Gaseous Substance]] [[Image Schema/Liquid Substance]] and
[[Image Schema/Solid Substance]]
[[Image Schema/Inflation]] deforms a [[Image Schema/Container]]

= [[Spatial Schema]]s and [[Temporal Schema]]s =
Image Schematic Components hierarchy based on specific or complexity ( Mandler and Canovas 2014)

1) Spatial primitives first building blocs to understand perception
* [[Path]]
* [[Containment]] = [[Container]] (exterior) + [[Boundary]] (surface) + [[Contents]] (Interior)
* [[Thing]]
* [[Contact]]

2) Image Schemas : representation of simple spatial events using spatial primitives
* [[Path of Thing]]
* [[Thing into Container]]

3) Schematic integrations - including non-spatial elements: emotions, non-spatieal perception
= Listing =
== [[Space]] ==
: [[Location]], [[Up-Down]](|[[Up]]-[[Down]]), [[Front-Back]]([[Front]]-[[Back]]),
: [[Left-Right]]([[Left]]-[[Right]]), [[Near-Far]]([[Near]]-[[Far]]), [[Verticality]],
: [[Center-Periphery]]([[Center]]-[[Periphery]]), [[Straight]], [[Contact]]
== [[Force]] ==
: [[Compulsion]], [[Blockage]], [[Diversion]],
: [[Counterforce]], [[Restraint]], [[Resistance]],
: [[Attraction]], [[Enablement]]
== [[Containment]] ==
: [[Container]], [[In-Out]]([[In]]-[[Out]]), [[Surface]],
: [[Content]], [[Full-Empty]]([[Full]]-[[Empty]])
== [[Locomotion]] ==
: [[Momentum]], [[Path]]
== [[Balance]] ==
: [[Axis Balance]], [[Twin-Pan Balance]],
: [[Point Balance]], [[Equilibrium]]
== [[Identity]] ==
: [[Matching]], [[Superimposition]]
== [[Multiplicity]] ==
: [[Merging]], [[Collection]], [[Splitting]],
: [[Iteration]], [[Part-Whole]]([[Part]]-[[Whole]]), [[Linkage]],
: [[Count-Mass]]([[Count]]-[[Mass]])
== [[Existence]] ==
: [[Removal]], [[Bounded space]],
: [[Cycle]], [[Object]], [[Process]], [[Agent]]

{{subpages-name}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:57, 2 December 2020
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	~~= definitions =~~	+	#REDIRECT[[Image Schema]]
−	~~'''Johnson''': (1987 xiv) An image schema is a recurring, dynamic pattern of our perceptual interactions and motor~~	+	[[Category:Idea]]
−	~~programs that gives coherence and structure to our experience.~~
−	~~'''Johnson''': "structure indefinitely many perceptions, images, and events"~~
−	~~'''Johnson''': (1987) emerge as meaningful structures for us chieﬂy at the level of our bodily movements through space, our manipulations of objects, and our perceptual interaction~~
−
−	~~'''Lakoff and Turner, 1989: 97''' thus when we understand a scene, we naturally structure it in terms of such elementary image-schemas"~~
−	~~'''Lakoff and Turner, 1980, Ch 9, 15-17''' : image schema allow metaphors to cohere and be structured.~~
−	~~Metaphors may cohere if their source domains are special cases of a more general one.~~
−	~~specialized forms of {{Metaphor\|LIFE AS CYCLE}}~~
−	* {{Metaphor\|LIFE AS JOURNEY}}
−	* {{Metaphor\|LIFETIME AS DAY}}
−	* {{Metaphor\|LIFETIME AS YEAR}}
−	* {{Metaphor\|LIFE AS FLAME}}
−	* {{Metaphor\|LIFE AS FIRE}}
−	* {{Metaphor\|LIFE AS PRECIOUS POSSESSION}}
−
−	~~Life is a frequent target domain of metaphors. According to the relevant literature, 24 possible metaphorical source domains of life can be found (e.g.~~
−	* {{Metaphor\|LIFE AS ADVENTURE}},
−	* {{Metaphor\|LIFE AS FIRE}},
−	* {{Metaphor\|LIFE AS LIQUID}},
−	* {{Metaphor\|LIFE AS HISTORY}},
−	* {{Metaphor\|LIFE AS GAMBLING GAME}} etc.).
−
−
−	~~specialized forms of {{Metaphor\|LIFE AS WAXING AND WANING CYCLE OF HEAT AND LIGHT}}~~
−	* {{Metaphor\|LIFETIME AS DAY}}
−	* {{Metaphor\|LIFETIME AS YEAR}}
−	* {{Metaphor\|LIFE AS FLAME}}
−
−	~~'''Oakley''': (2006)...a condensed re-description of perceptual experience for the purpose of mapping spatial structure onto conceptual structure.~~
−
−	~~'''Hampe'''~~ [2005], is that image schemas are “...directly meaningful (“experiential”/“embodied”), pre-conceptual structures, which arise from or are grounded in human recurrent bodily movements through space, perceptual interactions and ways of manipulating objects”. Further, she points out that it follows that they are highly schematic {{ImageSchema\|Gestalts}} that capture the structural contours of sensory-motor experience, integrating information from multiple modalities and exist as continuous and analogue patterns beneath conscious awareness, prior to and independently of other concepts; and are both internally structured and highly ﬂexible.
−	~~Image schemas are integrally tied to perception and motor function, but serve as the bridge to higher-level cognition.~~
−
−	~~'''Michael Sinding''' Image schemas are simple, skeletal spatial relations concepts with a small number of parts and relations~~
−
−	~~= Problems =~~
−	~~Definitions don't provide individuation criteria~~
−	* Structure Problem : difficult to identify what constructs qualify to be defined by an image schema as similar structures are under the same image schema
−	* Categorisation Problem : difficult to determine which image schema a particular construct belongs to.
−	* Bennett and Cialone eight kinds of static {{ImageSchema\|Containment}} not including {{ImageSchema\|In}} and {{ImageSchema\|Out}}
−
−	~~= {{ImageSchema\|Static~~ Image Schema ~~Categories}} =~~
−	~~In general, {{ImageSchema\|Static Image Schema}}s ({{ImageSchema\|Static}}) fall into one of these categories~~: ~~{{ImageSchema\|Orientational}}, {{ImageSchema\|Topological}}, and {{ImageSchema\|Forcedynamic}}.~~
−
−	~~== {{ImageSchema\|Orientational}} ==~~
−	~~it specifies an orientation in space relative to the gravitational pull one feels on one’s body. Usually a human orientation~~
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Above}}
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Below}}
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Up}}
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Down}}
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Center}}
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Periphery}}
−
−	~~== {{ImageSchema\|Topological}} ==~~
−	~~there are a number of topological schemas :~~
−
−	* a {{ImageSchema\|Topological schema}} of {{ImageSchema\|Contact}} indicates an absence of a gap.
−
−	~~== {{ImageSchema\|Forcedynamic}} ==~~
−	~~there are several schemas that are forcedynamic in nature; it indicates the direction and nature of a {{ImageSchema\|Force}}~~
−	* in the {{ImageSchema\|Support}} {{ImageSchema\|support Force\|forces}} {{ImageSchema\|Balance\|balance}} to allow the {{ImageSchema\|Supportee\|supportee}} to stay on the {{ImageSchema\|Surface\|surface}} of the {{ImageSchema\|Supporter}}.
−
−	~~= {{ImageSchema\|Dynamic Image Schema Categories}} =~~
−	~~shaped by culture and context (Hampe et al. 2005)~~
−
−	~~from Gibbs and Steen (1999) and Hampe (2005)~~
−	~~{{ImageSchema\|Concrete Concept}} {{ImageSchema\|Abstract Concept}} {{ImageSchema\|Image Schema}} {{ImageSchema\|Metaphor}} {{ImageSchema\|Event}} {{ImageSchema\|Word}} {{ImageSchema\|Story}}~~
−
−	~~from Michael Sinding 2011 pp 239-257~~
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Substance}} vs {{ImageSchema\|Surface}}
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Inflation}} vs {{ImageSchema\|Deflation}} kinds of {{ImageSchema\|Process}} {{ImageSchema\|Vessel}}
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Lexical Items}} and {{ImageSchema\|Concrete Images}} and {{ImageSchema\|Concrete Events}}
−
−	from Don Freeman (1999) {{ImageSchema\|Dynamic Image Schema}} amalgam of {{ImageSchema\|Container}} and {{ImageSchema\|Link}}s and {{ImageSchema\|Path}} provide a three stage progression in ''Antony and Cleopatra'' over figurative language imagery, plot, stage, offstage, business, and character.
−
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Surface}} vs {{ImageSchema\|Depth}} in {{ImageSchema\|Surface Depth}}
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Part}} vs {{ImageSchema\|Whole}} in {{ImageSchema\|Part Whole}}
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Sequence}} vs {{ImageSchema\|Causality}}
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Event}} vs {{ImageSchema\|Scene}}
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Vertical Displacement}}
−	~~relations between two metaphor systems are contrast/complementation vs coherence.~~
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Up}} vs {{ImageSchema\|Down}} is a {{ImageSchema\|Vertical Scale}}
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Gaseous Substance}} {{ImageSchema\|Liquid Substance}} and {{ImageSchema\|Solid Substance}}
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Inflation}} deforms a {{ImageSchema\|Container}}
−
−	~~= {{ImageSchema\|Spatial Schema}}s and {{ImageSchema\|Temporal Schema}}s =~~
−	~~Image Schematic Components hierarchy based on specific or complexity ( Mandler and Canovas 2014)~~
−
−	~~1) Spatial primitives first building blocs to understand perception~~
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Path}}
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Containment}} = {{ImageSchema\|Container}} (exterior) + {{ImageSchema\|Boundary}} (surface) + {{ImageSchema\|Contents}} (Interior)
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Thing}}
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Contact}}
−
−	~~2) Image Schemas : representation of simple spatial events using spatial primitives~~
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Path of Thing}}
−	* {{ImageSchema\|Thing into Container}}
−
−	~~3) Schematic integrations - including non-spatial elements: emotions, non-spatieal perception~~
−	~~= Listing =~~
−	~~== {{ImageSchema\|Space}} ==~~
−	~~: {{ImageSchema\|Location}}, {{ImageSchema\|Up-Down}}(\|{{ImageSchema\|Up}}-{{ImageSchema\|Down}}), {{ImageSchema\|Front-Back}}({{ImageSchema\|Front}}-{{ImageSchema\|Back}}),~~
−	~~: {{ImageSchema\|Left-Right}}({{ImageSchema\|Left}}-{{ImageSchema\|Right}}), {{ImageSchema\|Near-Far}}({{ImageSchema\|Near}}-{{ImageSchema\|Far}}), {{ImageSchema\|Verticality}},~~
−	~~: {{ImageSchema\|Center-Periphery}}({{ImageSchema\|Center}}-{{ImageSchema\|Periphery}}), {{ImageSchema\|Straight}}, {{ImageSchema\|Contact}}~~
−	~~== {{ImageSchema\|Force}} ==~~
−	~~: {{ImageSchema\|Compulsion}}, {{ImageSchema\|Blockage}}, {{ImageSchema\|Diversion}},~~
−	~~: {{ImageSchema\|Counterforce}}, {{ImageSchema\|Restraint}}, {{ImageSchema\|Resistance}},~~
−	~~: {{ImageSchema\|Attraction}}, {{ImageSchema\|Enablement}}~~
−	~~== {{ImageSchema\|Containment}} ==~~
−	~~: {{ImageSchema\|Container}}, {{ImageSchema\|In-Out}}({{ImageSchema\|In}}-{{ImageSchema\|Out}}), {{ImageSchema\|Surface}},~~
−	~~: {{ImageSchema\|Content}}, {{ImageSchema\|Full-Empty}}({{ImageSchema\|Full}}-{{ImageSchema\|Empty}})~~
−	~~== {{ImageSchema\|Locomotion}} ==~~
−	~~: {{ImageSchema\|Momentum}}, {{ImageSchema\|Path}}~~
−	~~== {{ImageSchema\|Balance}} ==~~
−	~~: {{ImageSchema\|Axis Balance}}, {{ImageSchema\|Twin-Pan Balance}},~~
−	~~: {{ImageSchema\|Point Balance}}, {{ImageSchema\|Equilibrium}}~~
−	~~== {{ImageSchema\|Identity}} ==~~
−	~~: {{ImageSchema\|Matching}}, {{ImageSchema\|Superimposition}}~~
−	~~== {{ImageSchema\|Multiplicity}} ==~~
−	~~: {{ImageSchema\|Merging}}, {{ImageSchema\|Collection}}, {{ImageSchema\|Splitting}},~~
−	~~: {{ImageSchema\|Iteration}}, {{ImageSchema\|Part-Whole}}({{ImageSchema\|Part}}-{{ImageSchema\|Whole}}), {{ImageSchema\|Linkage}},~~
−	~~: {{ImageSchema\|Count-Mass}}({{ImageSchema\|Count}}-{{ImageSchema\|Mass}})~~
−	~~== {{ImageSchema\|Existence}} ==~~
−	~~: {{ImageSchema\|Removal}}, {{ImageSchema\|Bounded space}},~~
−	~~: {{ImageSchema\|Cycle}}, {{ImageSchema\|Object}}, {{ImageSchema\|Process}}, {{ImageSchema\|Agent}}~~
−
−	~~{{subpages-name}}~~

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS FIRE}}
 * {{Metaphor|LIFE AS PRECIOUS POSSESSION}}
 specialized forms of {{Metaphor|LIFE AS WAXING AND WANING CYCLE OF HEAT AND LIGHT}}

@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 * Structure Problem : difficult to identify what constructs qualify to be defined by an image schema as similar structures are under the same image schema
 * Categorisation Problem : difficult to determine which image schema a particular construct belongs to.
-* Bennett and Cialone eight kinds of static {{Image Schema|Containment}} not including {{Image Schema|In}} and {{Image Schema|Out}}
+* Bennett and Cialone eight kinds of static {{ImageSchema|Containment}} not including {{ImageSchema|In}} and {{ImageSchema|Out}}
 = {{ImageSchema|Static Image Schema Categories}} =

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:33, 1 December 2020
(No difference)

@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 == [[Forcedynamic]] ==
   there are several schemas that are forcedynamic in nature; it indicates the direction and nature of a [[Image Schema/Force]]
-* [[Support]] forces balance to allow the [[Image Schema/Supportee]] to stay on the [[Image Schema/Surface]] of the [[Image Schema/Supporter]].
+* in the  [[Image Schema/Support]] [[Image Schema/support Force|forces]] [[Image Schema/Balance|balance]] to allow the [[Image Schema/Supportee|supportee]] to stay on the [[Image Schema/Surface|surface]] of the [[Image Schema/Supporter]].
 = [[Dynamic Image Schema Categories]] =